Feature Article
Small Brain-on-a-Chip Promises Big Payoffs
Nick Fischer
Key Words: Blood–brain barrier (BBB), brain, brain-on-a-chip, Center for Micro and Nanotechonology, central nervous system (CNS), Forensic Science Center, heart, hippocampus, iCHIP (in vitro chip-based human investigational platform), Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program, microelectrodes, neurons, peripheral nervous system (PNS), Strategic Initiative (SI).
Research Highlights
A Brilliant Mind Leaves an Indelible LegacyEnergetic Laser Helps Test Weapon Survivability
Brent Blue
Key Words: fusion, high-energy-density (HED) science, laser, material properties, National Ignition Facility (NIF), neutron source, nuclear weapon, Stockpile Stewardship Program, survivability, target, x-ray source.
Feature Article
Space Program Innovation, One Small Satellite at a Time
Vincent Riot
Key Words: bus, cube satellite, CubeSat, CubeSat Next Generation Bus (CNGB), GEOstare, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, laser heterodyne radiometer (LHR), Laun-cherOne, MiniCarb, monolithic telescope, nanosatellite, payload, Space-Based Telescopes for the Actionable Refinement of Ephemeris (STARE), space debris, Space Science and Security Program (SSSP), space situational awareness (SSA), telescope.
Research Highlights
On the Threshold of a Critical Milestone Military Education Programs: A Two-Way Street
Holly Franz
Key Words: Air Force Fellows program, Armed Forces, BLU-129B, life-extension program (LEP), military, Military Academic Research Associates program, Newly Commissioned Officer program, Office of Defense Coordination (ODC), Reserve Officers Training Corp (ROTC), stockpile stewardship.
Feature Article
Machine Learning on a Mission
Peer-Timo Bremer
Key Words: algorithm, computational steering, deep learning, high-dimensional (HD) space, high-performance computing (HPC), image reconstruction, image segmentation, inertial confinement fusion (ICF), Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program, latent space, machine learning (ML), model interpretability, neural network (NN), sample design, simulation, source separation, spectral sampling, topological visualization.
Research Highlights
The Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory Is Open for Business Looking Deep Inside a Superalloy
Jonathan Lind
Key Words: Advanced Photon Source (APS), boundary with low-index plane (BLIP), grain boundary (GB), high-energy diffraction microscopy (HEDM), hydrogen embrittlement (HE), IceNine, Miller index, nickel-base alloy 725, x-ray absorption tomography (XRAT).
Feature Article
Livermore Leaps into Quantum Computing
Jonathan DuBois
Key Words: additive manufacturing, algorithm, ASCR Quantum-Enabled Simulation (AQuES) Testbed Pathfinder Program, Axion Dark Matter Experiment (ADMX), coherence, high-performance computing (HPC), Josephson junction, quantum-coherent device, quantum computing, quantum processing unit (QPU), quantum sensing, qubit, qudit, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), superconductivity, superposition.
Research Highlights
Newly Created Water Phase Helps Solve Planetary Mystery Virtual and Augmented Reality Yield New Insights
Pam Spears
Key Words: augmented reality (AR), computer-assisted design (CAD), laser, National Ignition Facility (NIF), outreach, simulation, target chamber, Technical Information Department (TID), training, virtual reality (VR), Virtual Immersion Engineering (VIE) group, Visualization group.
Feature Article
Extending the Life of a Workhorse Warhead
Tom Horrillo
Key Words: air-launched cruise missile (ALCM), Capabilities-Based Investment (CBI) Program, Contained Firing Facility (CFF), Earned Value Management system, High Explosives Applications Facility (HEAF), life-extension program (LEP), long-range standoff (LRSO) missile, National Ignition Facility (NIF), National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Sierra, Site 300, Stockpile Stewardship Program, triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB), W80‑1, W80-4.
Research Highlights
Stronger Structures through Scientific Collaboration A Bird’s-Eye View of Computing Performance
Alfredo Giménez
Key Words: data analysis, data integration, data science, derivation engine, high-performance computing (HPC), ScrubJay, Sonar.
Feature Article
Emphasis on Learning Empowers the Laboratory’s Lasers
David Martinez
Key Words: Advanced Radiographic Capability (ARC), backlighting, Compton scattering, electron–positron pair, fusion, high-energy laser, high-energy-density (HED) science, high-Z material, inertial confinement fusion (ICF), Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program, matter–antimatter pair, National Ignition Facility (NIF), petawatt, plasma, proton generation, relativistic electron, short-pulse laser, Stockpile Stewardship Program, x ray.
Research Highlights
Solving the Mysteries of Metal Hardening Computer Modeling Provides New Insights into Traumatic Brain Injury
William Moss
Key Words: ALE3D, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), concussion, deep brain stimulation (DBS), football, helmet, traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Feature Article
The Case for Modern Forensic Science
Brian Mayer
Key Words: chemical attribution; chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, explosives (CBRNE) forensic analyses; Chemical Security Program (CSP); chemical warfare agent (CWA); DNA; forensic science; Forensic Science Center (FSC); gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS); human identification; inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS); liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS); machine learning; nuclear forensics; Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW); phage; Phage Annotation Toolkit and Evaluator (PhATE); proteomics.
Research Highlights
X-Ray Machine Does Double Duty Interweaving Timelines for Faster Solutions
Rob Falgout
Key Words: algorithm, artificial neural network, GridDyn, machine learning, Moore’s law, multigrid, parallelism, parallel time integration, power grid, XBraid.
Feature Article
Delving Deeply into the Brain's Mysteries
Shivshankar Sundaram
Key Words: additive manufacturing, artificial retina, Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative, deep brain stimulation (DBS), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), depression, epilepsy, femtosecond laser, hippocampus, implantable electrodes, Intan Technologies, Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program, Livermore Biomedical Foundry, Livermore Center for Bioengineering, Livermore Flexible Probes, MountainSort, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Parkinson’s disease, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Systems-Based Neurotechnology for Emerging Therapies (SUBNETS), traumatic brain injury.
Research Highlights
Building a Network of Collaborative Autonomous Machines Piecing Together a Nuclear Fireball
Tim Rose
Key Words: chemical fractionation, electron spectroscopy, fireball, fission, forensics, fusion, nuclear explosion, Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program, optical emission spectroscopy, oxide, plasma, plasma flow reactor, pulsed laser ablation, uranium.
Feature Article
Renowned Accelerator Facility Turns 30
Graham Bench
Key Words: acclerator, accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), biological accelerator mass spectrometry (bioAMS), carbon cycle, cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS), climate change, cosmogenic nuclide, Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM), environmental science, geochronology, infrared (IR) light, ion implantation, ion source, isotope, nuclear forensics, Nuclear Science User Facilities, paleoclimatology, radiocarbon, Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE).
Research Highlights
"Enhanced Radiation Detection Training High-Throughput Pathogen Detection
Tom Slezak and Crystal Jaing
Key Words: Applied Biosystems Axiom Microbiome Array (ABAMA), DNA, full-genome sequencing, Lawrence Livermore Microbial Detection Array (LLMDA), microbial detection, Microbial Detection Analysis Software (MIDAS), pathogen screening, R&D 100 Award.
Feature Article
Leading a Revolution in Design
Dan Tortorelli
Key Words: additive manufacturing, Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory (AML), Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Initiative, Center for Design Optimization, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), direct ink writing (DIW), four-dimensional printing, high-performance computing (HPC), HYPRE, Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program, Livermore Design Optimization (LiDO) software, MFEM (Modular Finite Element Methods), stockpile stewardship, three-dimensional (3D) printing, Transformative Design (TRADES) program.
Research Highlights
"Beaming" Objects with Volumetric Lithography Going Beneath the Grid with Undergound Energy Storage
Tom Buscheck
Key Words: carbon dioxide (CO2), compressed-air energy storage (CAES), Earth Battery, geothermal energy, Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program, renewable energy, supercritical CO2, underground energy storage.
Feature Article
Ambassadors of Code
Ian Lee
Key Words: Center for Efficient Exascale Discretizations (CEED), compiler, data storage, discretization, Exascale Computing Project (ECP), Federal Source Code Policy, file system, GitHub, high-performance computing (HPC), MFEM (Modular Finite Element Methods), National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC), open-source software (OSS), package manager, portal, repository, ROSE, source code, Spack, ZFS on Linux.
Research Highlights
Microbiome Research Takes Flight A Solid Hydrogen-Storage Solution
Brandon Wood
Key Words: boron, density functional theory, fuel cell, H2@Scale program, hydrogen infrastructure, hydrogen storage, Hydrogen Storage Materials—Advanced Research Consortium (HyMARC), lithium hydride, lithium nitride, lithium–nitrogen–hydrogen system, magnesium borohydride, metal hydrides, molecular dynamics, nanoconfinement.
Feature Article
The Atmosphere around Climate Models
David Bader
Key Words: atmospheric model, climate change, climate model, Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF), Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Livermore Atmospheric Model (LAM), National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC), Nobel Peace Prize, nuclear weapon, Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), stockpile stewardship, supercomputer.
Research Highlights
A Reversible Reaction Captures Carbon The Dawn of an Optical Revolution
Rebecca Dylla-Spears
Key Words: additive manufacturing (AM), direct ink writing (DIW), functionally graded optical material, gain medium, gradient refractive index (GRIN), Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program, large-area projection microstereolithography, National Ignition Facility, neodymium-doped yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Nd:YAG), optics, phase-shifting diffraction interferometry, refraction, silica (silicon dioxide), three-dimensional (3D) printing, titania (titanium dioxide).
Feature Article
Preserving the Past to Protect the Future
Greg Spriggs
Key Words: atmospheric nuclear test, computer simulation, energy yield, film preservation, Film Scanning and Reanalysis Project, Livermore Computing (LC), Nevada National Security Site, Nevada Test Site, nuclear weapons, OpenCV (Open Source Computer Vision), open-source software, optical density, Pacific Proving Grounds, Python, stockpile stewardship.
Research Highlights
Plutonium Isotope Standard Enhances International Safeguards Sudden Changes at Ultrahigh Pressure
Jon Belof
Key Words: ARES, classical nucleation theory (CNT), equation of state (EOS), heterogeneous nucleation, high-performance computing (HPC), homogeneous nucleation, ice VII, Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program, Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS), Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), phase transition, SAMSA, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, super-Earths, ultrahigh pressure, water, zirconium.
Feature Article
The Widest, Deepest Images of a Dynamic Universe
Michael Schneider
Key Words: active optics, adaptive optics (AO), dark energy, dark matter, data science, dual optical surface, étendue, field of view, gigapixel camera, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), National Ignition Facility (NIF), near-Earth object (NEO), optical design, spin-cast mirror, telescope, ultrahigh-purity silicon sensor.
Research Highlights
Unlocking the History of the Solar System Laboratory Outreach Programs Inspire the Next Generation
Joanna Albala
Key Words: community outreach; Discovery Center; Edward Teller Education Center; Fun with Science; Science Education Program; Science on Saturday; science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education; Teacher Research Academy (TRA).
Feature Article
Advanced Laser Promises Exciting Applications
Constantin Haefner
Key Words: chirped-pulse amplification; diffraction grating; Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) Beamlines facility; flashlamp; Gigashot-HE; High-Power Intelligent Laser Diode System (HILADS); High-Repetition-Rate Advanced Petawatt Laser System (HAPLS); laser diode; Lasertel, Inc.; Lawrence Livermore National Security (LLNS), LLC; Mercury laser; National Ignition Facility (NIF); Nova Petawatt laser; petawatt; titanium-doped sapphire (Ti:sapphire).
Research Highlights
Detonation Science Blasts into a New Frontier Shocking Collisions of Cosmological Proportions
Will Dawson
Key Words: active galactic nuclei (AGN), cosmic ray, electron re-acceleration, fossil relativistic electron, galaxy cluster, National Ignition Facility (NIF), radio relic, supermassive black hole.
Feature Article
Ready, Set, Innovate! Entrepreneurship Flourishes at the Laboratory
Rich Rankin
Key Words: commercialization, cybersecurity, DYNA3D, Entrepreneurs’ Hall of Fame (EHF), entrepreneurship, geospatial analysis, Industrial Partnerships Office (IPO), laser peening, Lasershot Peening System, LS-DYNA, PARADYN, satellite imaging, software-defined networking (SDN), technology transfer.
Research Highlights
From the Laboratory to the World A National Security Code Is Reborn for Industry
Chad Noble
Key Words: additive manufacturing, ALE3D, ALE3D-4I, high-performance computing (HPC), High Performance Computing Innovation Center (HPCIC), Industrial Partnerships Office, innovation development funds, laser-based additive manufacturing, technology transfer.
Feature Article
Investing in the Nation’s Future
Rokaya Al-Ayat
Key Words: additive manufacturing (AM), Center for Engineered Materials and Manufacturing, Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA), Department of Energy (DOE) Early Career Research Program, direct ink writing (DIW), droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), Exascale Computing Project, GEOS, hohlraum, hydraulic fracturing, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program, Nanoscale Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory (NSCL), National Ignition Facility (NIF), polyelectrolyte enabled liftoff (PEEL), Presidential Early Career Awards for Scientists and Engineers, QuantaLife, Inc.
Research Highlights
Program Supports Blazing New Trails Prolonged Power in Remote Places
Rebecca Nikolic
Key Words: accelerated aging, alpha-voltaic battery, beta-voltaic battery, pillar, power, promethium-147, radiation, radioisotope battery, silicon carbide, selenium, semiconductor.
Feature Article
A Center of Excellence Prepares for Sierra
Rob Neely
Key Words: Advanced Architecture and Portability Specialists (AAPS), Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program, Cardioid, Center of Excellence (COE), central processing unit (CPU), copy-hiding application interface (CHAI), graphics processing unit (GPU), high-performance computing (HPC), IBM, institutional Center of Excellence (iCOE), Linux cluster, Multiprogrammatic and Institutional Computing (M&IC) Program, node, nonvolatile random-access memory, NVIDIA, OpenMP, ParaDyn, petaflop, ROSE, Sequoia, Sierra, T. J. Watson Research Center.
Research Highlights
Agent Defeat Efforts Strike Gold Mighty ATLAS Supports Precise Alignment
Doug Larson
Key Words: advanced tracking laser alignment system (ATLAS), diagnostic instrument manipulator (DIM), opposed port alignment system (OPAS), chamber interior viewing system (CIVS), National Ignition Facility (NIF), target bay, target chamber.
Feature Article
Computational Innovation Boosts Manufacturing
Lori Diachin and Peg Folta
Key Words: ammonothermal growth, Blu-ray player, crystal growth, economic competitiveness, energy efficiency, gallium nitride (GaN), GaN-on-GaN technology, high-performance computing (HPC), HPC4energy, High Performance Computing for Manufacturing (HPC4Mfg) Program, light-emitting diode, paper manufacturing, semiconductor, steel industry.
2016 R&D 100 Awards
Novel Scintillator Improves X-Ray Imaging Toolset Promotes Carbon-Capture Solution
Charles Tong
Key Words: carbon capture, Carbon Capture Simulation Initiative (CCSI) toolset, carbon dioxide (CO2), climate change, framework for optimization and quantification of uncertainty and sensitivity (FOQUS), problem solving environment for uncertainty analysis and design exploration (PSUADE), uncertainty quantification (UQ).
Research Highlight
LION Hunts for Nuclear Forensics CluesFeature Article
Laser Experiments Illuminate the Cosmos
Tom Arsenlis
Key Words: Astrophysical Collisionless Shock Experiments with Lasers (ACSEL), astrophysics, collisionless shock, cosmic ray, Discovery Science Program, exoplanet, high-energy-density (HED) science, hydrogen, Jupiter, National Ignition Facility (NIF), Omega Laser Facility, Neptune, planetary science, super-Earth, Target Diffraction In Situ, Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector (VISAR), Z Pulsed Power Facility.
Research Highlights
Getting to the End of the Matter Making an Impact on Asteroid Deflection
Megan Bruck Syal
Key Words: asteroid, deflection, Didymos, Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), kinetic impact method, Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program, moonlet, near-Earth asteroid (NEA), planetary defense, predictive modeling, Spheral.
Feature Article
High-Performance Computing Takes Aim at Cancer
Fred Streitz
Key Words: bioinformatics; cancer; Cancer Moonshot Initiative; Cardioid; Collaboration of Oak Ridge, Argonne, and Livermore (CORAL); exascale; high-performance computing (HPC); High Performance Computing Innovation Center (HPCIC); Livermore Metagenomic Analysis Toolkit (LMAT); National Cancer Institute (NCI); Precision Medicine Initiative; RAS protein; Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER).
Research Highlights
New Insight into an Intriguing Material Peering into the Brain with Chemical Biosensors
Vanessa Tolosa
Key Words: acetylcholine, biosensor, brain, depression, dopamine, electroceutical, glucose, glutamate, iCHIP (in vitro chip-based human investigational platform), neurochemistry, neuron, neurotransmitter, pharmaceutical, post-traumatic stress disorder, serotonin.
Feature Article
Laying the Groundwork for Extreme-Scale Computing
Lori Diachin
Key Words: Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program, algorithm, arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE), BLAST code, data rearrangement engine (DRE), domain decomposition molecular dynamics (ddcMD) code, exascale, extreme-scale computing, FastForward-2 Program, first-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD), floating-point operations per second (flops), Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program, Message-Passing Interface (MPI), MGmol code, neuromorphic computing, programming abstraction, QBox code, quantum computing, Reinit code, Sequoia, Sierra, three-dimensional (3D) memory, Vulcan, XBraid code.
Research Highlights
Nuclear Data Moves into the 21st Century Peering Into the Future of Lick Observatory
Cliff Shang
Key Words: astronomy, enterprise model, infrastructure, Lick Observatory, lifecycle, maintenance, University of California (UC), University of California Observatories (UCO), University of California Office of the President (UCOP).
Feature Article
Seeking Out Hidden Radioactive Materials
Steven Kreek
Key Words: first responder, gamma-ray detector, Optimization Planning Tool for Urban Search (OPTUS), ORTEC Detective, Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), radioactive material, Spectroscopic Injection Pulser (SIP).
Research Highlights
Optics Become Less Rough, More Tough Taming the Wild Frontiers of Plasma Science
Frank Graziani
Key Words: Cimarron project, ddcMD code, hydrodynamics, inertial confinement fusion (ICF), kinetic theory, Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program, molecular dynamics (MD), National Ignition Facility (NIF), plasma.
Feature Article
A Salute to Promising Technical Staff
Ken Jackson
Key Words: additive manufacturing (AM), Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative, algorithm, continuum model, denudation, distinguished member of the technical staff, Early- and Mid-Career Recognition (EMCR) Program, energetic material, fused-silica optic, groundwater, high foot, HMX, hydrodynamic growth radiography (HGR), hydrodynamic instability, laser chemical-vapor deposition, materials science, micromachining, multiphysics simulation, multiscale strength model, National Ignition Campaign (NIC), National Ignition Facility (NIF), optics damage, ParFlow, platform, pore collapse, selective laser melting (SLM), Suite of Nonlinear and Differential/Algebraic Equation Solvers (SUNDIALS), tantalum, time integrator, vanadium.
Research Highlights
Mimicking Mother Nature to Mitigate Climate Change Deep Neural Networks Bring Patterns into Focus
Barry Chen
Key Words: artificial intelligence, artificial neural network (ANN), Edge supercomputer, electrocorticography (ECoG), epilepsy, high-performance computing (HPC), Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program, Livermore Big Artificial Neural Network (LBANN), Livermore Brain, machine learning, neuron, pattern recognition, semantic wheel, Yahoo Flickr Creative Commons 100 Million (YFCC100M).
Feature Article
Reducing Reliance on Critical Materials
Eric Schwegler
Key Words: Ames Laboratory, Caulobacter crecentus, cerium, clean energy, cobalt, Critical Materials Institute (CMI), exchange spring magnet, fluorescent lighbulb, neodymium, phosphor, quantum mechanics, rare-earth element, samarium.
Research Highlights
Lasers Shed Light on the Universe’s Most Luminous Events A Virtual Laboratory for Studying Biological Structures
Stefan Hau-Riege
Key Words: biomolecule, diffraction, domain decomposition molecular dynamics (ddcMD) code, Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), molecular dynamics (MD) code, Single-Particle Initiative, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL).
Feature Article
Understanding Materials at the Nanoscale
Eric Schwegler
Key Words: bacteriorhodopsin, carbon nanotube, discontinuous Galerkin (DG), dynamic transmission electron microscope (DTEM), fluctuation electron microscopy (FEM), high-energy x-ray diffraction microscopy, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program, lithium-ion battery, nanotube porin, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), pole expansion selected inversion (PEXSI), Qbox, QMCPACK, quantum Monte Carlo (QMC), scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission x-ray microscopy, small-angle x-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Research Highlights
Bioprinting Extends the Frontiers of Medical Treatment Taking Topological Insulators for a Quantum Spin
Jason Jeffries and Dongxia Qu
Key Words: Advanced Photon Source (APS), bismuth selenide, bismuth telluride, compression, conductor, diamond anvil cell (DAC), femtosecond laser, insulator, inverse spin Hall effect, Majorana particle, quantum computer, quantum mechanics, resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy, samarium hexaboride, spin injection, spintronics, terahertz emitter, topological insulator (TI).
Feature Article
A Growing Family of Targets for the National Ignition Facility
Abbas Nikroo
Key Words: Advanced Radiographic Capability (ARC), backlighter, diffraction, Eagle Nebula, foam, high-energy-density (HED) physics, hohlraum, inertial confinement fusion (ICF), materials science, National Ignition Facility (NIF), Omega Laser Facility, radiation transport, ramp compression, TARDIS (Target Diffraction In-Situ), Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector, Z machine.
2015 R&D 100 Awards
Improving Engine Designs with an Ultrafast Code Remarkable Advances in Three-Dimensional Printing
Bryan Moran
Key Words: additive manufacturing, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, digital-light-processing (DLP) stereolithography, digital micromirror device (DMD), Federal Laboratory Consortium, Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program, Large-Area Projection Microstereolithography (LAPμSL), laser-based stereolithography, R&D 100 Award, three-dimensional printing.
Research Highlights
R&D 100 Award Finalists Support Laboratory MissionsFeature Article
Smashing Science
Gilbert "Rip" Collins
Key Words: advanced Photon Source (APS), dynamic compression sector (DCS), explosives, forsterite, gas gun, granular material, High Explosives Applications Facility (HEAF), hydrogen peroxide, ignition, iron, Joint Actinide Shock Physics Experimental Research Facility, Jupiter, Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program, luminosity, magnetic field, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, National Ignition Facility (NIF), Omega Laser Facility, optical pyrometer, phase transition, Saturn, shock physics, shock wave, strain rate, ultrafast laser system, velocity interferometer, x-ray diffraction, x-ray imaging. Smashing Science.
Research Highlights
Tiny Capsules Trap Big Climate Menace Clues to Climate Change in Ocean Salinity
Paul Durack
Key Words: Argo, chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs), climate change, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), water cycle.
Feature Article
Advancing Next-Generation Rockets and the Engines that Power Them
Greg Burton and Bill Bruner
Key Words: additive manufacturing, aerospike, Cab supercomputer, CharlesX, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Department of Defense (DOD), Flamelet Progress Variable (FPV), high-performance computing (HPC), JOE, large-eddy simulation (LES), liquid-propellant rocket engine (LRE), Next-Generation Rocket (NGR) program, Predictive Science Academic Alliance Program, Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS), Sequoia supercomputer, Stanford University Center for Turbulence Research (CTR), Syrah supercomputer, Turbulence Analysis and Simulation Center (TASC), XS-1 launch vehicle.
Research Highlights
Turning an X-Ray Eye on Universes, Large and Small Two-Part Microbial Detection Enhances Bioidentification
Jonathan Allen
Key Words: algorithm, bacteria, big data, biodefense, bioterrorism, caching, Catalyst supercomputer, disease, dynamic random access memory (DRAM), fungi, gene, genome, k-mer, Lawrence Livermore Microbial Detection Array (LLMDA), Livermore Metagenomics Analysis Toolkit (LMAT), medicine, metagenomic, microbe, microarray, nonvolatile random-access memory (NVRAM), pathogen, sequencing, surveillance, virus, wound.
Feature Articles
Science on a Grand Scale
Brian Carnes
Key Words: Accelerated Climate Modeling for Energy, Atlas, climate model, Community Climate System Model (CCSM), Computing Grand Challenge Program, Dawn, density functional theory (DFT), Earth system model (ESM), exaflop, first-principles model, high-performance computing (HPC), hohlraum, laser–plasma interaction (LPI), molecular dynamics (MD), Multiprogrammatic and Institutional Computing Program, National Ignition Facility (NIF), petaflop, Qbox, quantum Monte Carlo (QMC), Sierra, teraflop, Thunder, uncertainty quantification, unclassified computing, Vulcan.
Research Highlights
Biofuel Breakthrough with Engineered Bacteria Supercapacitors Yield Energetic Secrets
Jonathan Lee
Key Words: Advanced Light Source (ALS), battery, electrode, graphene aerogel, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), supercapacitor, x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS).
Feature Article
Stockpile Stewardship at 20 Years
Charlie Verdon
Key Words: Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC), Confined Large Optical Scintillator Screen and Imaging System (CoLOSSIS), Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), Contained Firing Facility (CFF), Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test (DARHT) Facility, Energetic Materials Center, energy balance, High Explosives Applications Facility (HEAF), Joint Actinide Shock Physics Experimental Research (JASPER) Facility, life-extension program (LEP), LLM-105, LX-21, National Ignition Facility (NIF), National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Nevada National Security Site, plutonium-239, Sequoia, Sierra, Stockpile Stewardship and Management Program, U1A complex, W78/88-1.
Research Highlights
A New Role for Hair in Human Identification The Rise of the SuperTruck
Kambiz Salari
Key Words: aerodynamic truck, Department of Energy (DOE) SuperTruck initiative, drag-reducing device, fuel economy improvement (FEI), Generic Speedform One (GSF1), Heavy Vehicle Aerodynamic Drag Consortium, NASA Ames National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex, particle image velocimetry (PIV), semitruck, tractor–trailer.
Feature Articles
Seismic Research Making Waves
Stephen Myers
Key Words: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), data-intensive computation, E. O. Lawrence Award, earthquakes, LLNL-Global 3D (G3D) model, nonproliferation, nuclear testing, P-wave, Regional Seismic Travel Time (RSTT) model, S-wave, seismic modeling, Source Physics Experiment (SPE).
Research Highlights
Supporting an Exercise of Global Importance Bridging the Communications Gap Between Cells and Circuits
Alex Noy
Key Words: cell membrane, porin, pore, carbon nanotube (CNT), biosensor, biosensing, ion-channel disease, lipid-coated nanowire, plasma membrane, synthetic cell, ion flux, liposome.
Feature Article
Helping Cities Prepare for Disaster
Amy Waters
Key Words: Aeolus code, chlorine gas, Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), improvised nuclear device (IND), National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC), Office of Health Affairs (OHA), Spectroscopic Injection Pulser (SIP).
Research Highlights
Energy Applications Drive Carbon Aerogel Innovation A Guiding Light for Designer Materials
Andy Pascall and Joshua Kuntz
Key Words: additive manufacturing (AM), composite material, electrode, Joint Actinide Shock Physics Experimental Research (JASPER) Facility, light-directed electrophoretic deposition (EPD), Péclet number, stockpile stewardship.
Feature Article
A Hub for Collaborative Innovation
Frederick Streitz
Key Words: data-intensive computing, Cardioid code, Catalyst supercomputer, high-performance computing (HPC), High Performance Computing Innovation Center (HPCIC), Livermore Valley Open Campus (LVOC), Vulcan supercomputer.
Research Highlights
Gearing Up for the Next Challenge in High-Performance Computing When Weapons Age and Materials React
Elizabeth Glascoe
Key Words: chemical kinetics, diffusion, nuclear weapon, PSUADE (Problem Solving Environment for Uncertainty Analysis and Design Exploration), reactive transport, sorption, stockpile stewardship, weapons aging.
Feature Articles
Next-Generation Manufacturing for the Stockpile
Melissa Marggraff
Key Words: additive manufacturing (AM), direct ink writing (DIW), foam, high-density part, high explosives, High Explosives Applications Facility, high-performance computing (HPC), life-extension program (LEP), National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), nuclear stockpile, nuclear weapon, pore, selective laser melting (SLM), uranium.
Research Highlights
Sleuthing an Optical MysteryFeature Article
Shaking Things Up for the Nation’s Defense
Key Words: aeroshell, carbon epoxy, focused lethality munition, knifeblades, Nike rocket, NIKE3D code, supersonic sled test.
Research Highlights
Working Smarter for a Sustainable Future2014 R&D 100 Awards
A Super, Cool Device for Material CharacterizationFeature Article
Promoting International Security through Nuclear ForensicsFeature Article
Giant Steps for Adaptive Optics
Lisa Poyneer and David Palmer
Key Words: adaptive optics, Advanced Light Source (ALS), extrasolar planet (exoplanet), Gemini Planet Imager (GPI), Gemini South telescope, Kepler Space Telescope, Laboratory for Adaptive Optics, Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), R&D 100 Award.
Research Highlights
Mapping Networks for CyberdefenseFeature Article
A New Model for Pharmaceutical Research
Felice Lightstone
Key Words: adverse drug reaction (ADR), blood–brain barrier, computational chemistry, cytochrome P450 (CYP), drug development, high-performance computing (HPC), kinetic model, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), Sequoia, Sierra, supercomputer, umbrella sampling, virtual screening.
Research Highlights
Evidence of a Turbulent BeginningFeature Article
A Significant Achievement on the Path to Ignition
Omar Hurricane
Key Words: alpha heating, alpha particle, carbon–deuterium mix, depleted uranium (DU), deuterium–tritium (DT) fuel, high-foot pulse shape, hohlraum, hydrodynamic growth rate, ignition, low-foot pulse shape, National Ignition Campaign (NIC), National Ignition Facility (NIF), pure tritium gas, Viewfactor experiment.
Research Highlights
Particle Detection Technology with a New National Security MissionFeature Article
Predicting Wind Power with Greater Accuracy
Wayne Miller
Key Words: atmospheric boundary layer, CGWind, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), electric power grid, Gaussian Process Model, Generalized Actuator Disk (GAD), HELIOS, immersed boundary method (IBM), lidar, mesoscale, sodar, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), turbulence, Weather Research Forecasting (WRF), wind turbine farm, wind power forecast.
Research Highlights
Tiny But Mighty Potential Allies in the Toxic Metal Cleanup EffortFeature Article
Radiochemistry Renaissance
Dawn Shaughnessy
Key Words: actinide, activation product, carrier-free isotope, Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS), crown ether, extraction chromatography, fission yield, flerovium, Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (FLNR), heavy elements, high-purity germanium radiation detector, isotope, livermorium, National Ignition Facility (NIF), nuclear chemistry, nuclear forensics, radioactive decay, radiochemistry, transactinide.
Research Highlights
Tiny Silicon Pillars Can Detect Giant ThreatsFeature Article
Lighting a New Era of Scientific Discovery
Constantin Haefner
Key Words: Advanced Radiographic Capability (ARC), Callisto laser, chirped-pulse amplification, Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) Beamlines High-Repetition-Rate Advanced Petawatt Laser System (HAPLS), laser diodes, Mercury laser, National Ignition Facility (NIF), parasitic lasing, petawatt.
Research Highlights
In Metals, Not All Twins Are IdenticalFeature Article
Understanding Homemade Explosives to Enhance Aviation Security
Amy Waters
Key Words: ALE3D code, aviation security, CHEETAH code, computed tomography (CT), DYNA3D code, Easy Livermore Inspection Test for Explosives (ELITE), Energetic Materials Center, HADES code, High Explosives Applications Facility (HEAF), homemade explosive (HME), LabRam, Livermore Explosives iRobot (LEXI), National Explosives Engineering Sciences Security (NEXESS) Center.
Research Highlights
Averting Impact: Modeling Solutions to Prevent Asteroid Collisions2013 R&D 100 Awards
DNA-Tagged Sugar Particles Simulate Aerosol Airflow PatternsResearch Highlights
An Earthquake Exhibit with MagnitudeFeature Article
A Bright Idea for Microscopy
Geoffrey Campbell
Key Words: arbitrary waveform generator (AWG), crystallization, dynamic transmission electron microscope (DTEM), electron pulse train, electrostatic deflector, material science, movie-mode DTEM (MM-DTEM), phase-change material (PCM), reactive multilayer foil (RMLF), stochastic blur, transmission electron microscope (TEM), ultraviolet laser.
Research Highlights
NIF Experiments Track Weapons Effects to Improve Nuclear ForensicsFeature Article
Reaching for New Computational Heights with Sequoia
Michel McCoy
Key Words: Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC); BlueGene; Cardioid; exascale; hardware threading; high-performance computing (HPC); Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design; Linpack; message-passing interface (MPI); parallel computing; single-instruction, multiple-data (SIMD) unit; stockpile verification; uncertainty quantification (UQ).
Research Highlights
Celebrating the Life and Contributions of Johnny FosterFeature Article
Scaling Up Energy Innovation through Advanced Computing
John Grosh
Key Words: clean energy technology, contingency analysis, fuel-injection engine, high-efficiency combustion, high-performance computing (HPC), hpc4energy incubator, HPC Innovation Center, hydrothermal spallation drilling, parallel computing, smart electric grid, turbulence, uncertainty quantification, unit commitment.
Research Highlights
Ready to Respond to Chemical WeaponsFeature Article
A Faster and Cheaper Method to Detect Agents of Disease
Crystal Jaing
Key Words: bacteria, bioattack, bioinformatics, Blood Systems Research Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), composite likelihood maximization algorithm, Department of Defense, Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Lawrence Livermore Microbial Detection Array (LLMDA), microarray, pathogen, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing, Statens Serum Institut, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), virus.
Research Highlights
Making a Better Photonic Crystal Fiber
Feature Articles
Advanced Engineering Delivers More Exact Weapons Performance
Lara Leininger and Kip Hamilton
Key Words: Air Armament Center (AAC), Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), BLU-129/B, carbon fiber, composite material, Department of Defense (DoD), Department of Energy (DOE), Joint DoD/DOE Munitions Technology Development Program (JMP), multiphase blast explosive (MBX), munition, weapon.
On the Path to Ignition
John Lindl
Key Words: Advanced Radiographic Capability, alpha heating, crossbeam transfer, high flux model (HFM), hohlraum, ignition, National Ignition Campaign (NIC), National Ignition Facility (NIF), stimulated Raman scattering, velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR), wavelength tuning.
Research Highlights
New Mechanisms for Regulating Bone Formation
Feature Article
Dealing with Data Overload in the Scientific Realm
Dean Williams
Key Words: algorithm, biosurveillance, climate research, Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), cybersecurity, cyber-surveillance, data science, Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF), energy distribution, gene sequencing, GeneSV, genome, particle filtering, streaming data.
Research Highlights
Graphite, A Quick-Change Artist Developing Lightweight Optics for Space
Jerry Britten
Key Words: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), diffractive optics, Eyeglass, Fresnel lens, James Webb Space Telescope, membrane optics, Membrane Optic Imager Real-Time Exploitation (MOIRE) project, space telescope.
Feature Article
Positively Scintillating Neutral Particles Brighten Scientific Prospects
Adam Bernstein
Key Words: antineutrino detection, coherent neutrino nucleus scattering, Double Chooz, Large Underground Xenon (LUX) detector, neutral particle, neutrino, nonproliferation, nuclear reactor monitoring, nuclear security, particle physics, scintillator, weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP).
Research Highlights
Plutonium at 150 Years: Going Strong and Aging Gracefully Faster Analysis from Biological Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
Graham Bench
Key Words: biological accelerator mass spectrometry (bioAMS), Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, drug discovery, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), moving-wire interface, pharmaceutical research.
R&D 100 Awards
A Major Step for Fusion Energy
Dmitri Ryutov
Key Words: fusion energy, R&D 100 Award, snowflake power divertor, tokamak.
High-Performance Metal Coatings Produce Exceptional Bond Strength
Joe Farmer
Key Words: corrosion-resistant coating, high-strength bonded interface, high-velocity laser-accelerated deposition (HVLAD), laser peening, R&D 100 Award.
Improving Laser Beam Performance and Operational Reliability
John Heebner
Key Words: fusion energy, laser energy optimization by precision adjustments to the radiant distribution (LEOPARD), liquid crystal modulator, optically addressable light valve (OALV), R&D 100 Award, shadow blocker.
A Solid Solution for Neutron and Gamma-Ray Differentiation
Natalia Zaitseva
Key Words: diphenylacetylene (DPAC), gamma ray, neutron, organic crystal, plastic scintillator, polyvinyltoluene, pulse-shape discrimination (PSD), R&D 100 Award, radiation, stilbene.
Ten Times More Data for Shock-Physics Experiments
Natalie Kostinski
Key Words: fiber-optic interferometer, hydrodynamics test, multiplexed photonic Doppler velocimetry (MPDV), R&D 100 Award, shock physics.
Research Highlights
Simulation and Precision Engineering Lead to Extraordinary Results in Experiment Breaking Down Nerve Agent Behavior
Richard Gee
Key Words: BlueGene/L, computational chemistry, CP2K, energy barrier, first-principles simulation, metadynamics, nerve agent, rare-event sampling, sarin, transition state, VX.
Feature Articles
Building New Vaccines for the 21st Century
Paul Hoeprich
Key Words: adjuvant, anthrax, antigen, biodefense, biological threat agent, biosecurity, Burkholderia, Francisella tularensis, immune system, lipid, membrane protein, nanolipoprotein particle (NLP), nickel-chelated NLP (NiNLP), scaffold protein, vaccine, West Nile virus.
Research Highlights
Venturing into the Heart of High-Performance Computing Solutions Engineered Solutions through Simulation Insights
Bob Ferencz
Key Words: ALE3D code, arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) technique, computational engineering, embedded grid, ParaDyn code.
Feature Article
A Home for Energetic Materials and Their Experts
Jon Maienschein
Key Words: ALE3D, CHEETAH, Composition B, Contained Firing Facility (CFF), Energetic Materials Center (EMC), flash x ray, Forensic Receival Facility, high explosive (HE), High Explosives Applications Facility (HEAF), improvised explosive device (IED), insensitive high explosive (IHE), National Explosives Engineering Sciences Security Center, photonic Doppler velocimeter (PDV), Site 300, Stockpile Stewardship Program, tetranitro tetraazacyclooctane (HMX), 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX), trinitrotoluene (TNT).
Research Highlights
A Spectra-Tacular Sight Seismic Data Pinpoint Fractures for Geothermal Energy
Dennise Templeton
Key Words: earthquake, enhanced geothermal system (EGS), matched field processing, microquake, renewable energy, seismicity.
Employees Keep Up with the Times
Kathy Zobel
Key Words: Education Assistance Program, continuing education, distance learning.
Feature Article
Seeking Clues to Climate Change
Karl Taylor
Key Words: boreal, climate change, CFMIP Observation Simulator Package (COSP), Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project (CFMIP), cloud simulation, fingerprinting, global warming, permafrost, Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), regional climate modeling.
Research Highlights
Finding and Fixing a Supercomputer’s Faults Targeting Ignition
Evan Mapoles and Jim Fair
Key Words: cryogenic target, crystal growth, deuterium–tritium fuel, electron-beam deposition, hohlraum, ignition, laser entrance hole, LASNEX, National Ignition Facility (NIF), shock timing, warm window, x-ray characterization.
Neural Implants Come of Age
Satinderpall Pannu
Key Words: artificial retina, Center for Micro- and Nanotechnologies, cochlear implant, microelectrode array, neural implant, Parkinson’s disease, retinitis pigmentosa.
Incubator Busy Growing Energy Technologies
Clara Smith
Key Words: clean energy technologies, high-performance computing (HPC), hpc4energy incubator.
Feature Article
Launching Traffic Cameras into Space
Vincent Riot
Key Words: nanosatellite, optical payload, satellite, Space-Based Telescopes for Actionable Refinement of Ephemeris (STARE), space debris, telescope, three-unit cube satellite (3U CubeSat), track-detection algorithm.
Research Highlights
An Improved Tool for Nuclear Forensics A Simple Way to Better Project Soldiers against Head Trauma
Michael King and Willy Moss
Key Words: Advanced Combat Helmet (ACH), head injury criterion, Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization, PARADYN, traumatic brain injury (TBI), U.S. Army.
Shocking Aluminum for Greater Understanding
Jonathan Crowhurst
Key Words: aluminum, diamond anvil cell, Joint Munitions Command, shock compression, strain rate.
Feature Articles
Extending the Life of an Aging Weapon
Hank O'Brien
Key Words: B61, intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), life-extension program (LEP), mechanical safe arming detonator (MSAD), quantification of margins and uncertainties (QMU), stockpile stewardship, triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB), W78, W87.
Research Highlights
Friendly Microbes Power Energy-Producing Devices Chemical Sensors Is All Wires, No Batteries
Yinmin (Morris) Wang
Key Words: battery, batteryless, Center for Micro- and Nanotechnology, chemical detector, chemical sensor, homeland security, medicine, nanoscience, nanowire, power source, semiconductor.
Feature Articles
At the Frontiers of Fundamental Science Research
Chris Keane
Key Words: antimatter, beta decay, high energy density, hohlraum, hydrodynamic instability, materials science, National Ignition Campaign (NIC), National Ignition Facility (NIF), neutron capture, nucleosynthesis, phase transition, positron, ramp-wave compression, Rayleigh–Taylor effect, s-process, stellar plasma, stockpile stewardship, supernova, x-ray diffraction.
Research Highlights
A Comprehensive Resource for Modeling, Simulation, and Experiments Finding Data Needles in Gigabit Haystacks
Maya Gokhale
Key Words: bioinformatics, computer algorithm, computer architecture, database, data-intensive computing, flash memory, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), persistent memory.
Feature Article
Simulating the Next Generation of Energy Technologies
Julio Friedmann
Key Words: carbon capture and sequestration, clean energy, energy sector, high-performance computing (HPC) simulation, High-Performance Computing Innovation Center (HPCIC), smart electric grid, wind energy.
Research Highlights
ARC Comes into Focus A New Method to Track Viral Evolution
Monica Borucki
Key Words: bovine coronavirus, genetic variation, genome, host jumping, mutation, sequencing, rabies, ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus.
Data for Defense: New Software Finds It Fast
David H. Brown
Key Words: Counterproliferation Analysis and Planning System (CAPS), Element Centric (EleCent) component, Google Earth, Grails application, Hadoop software, Trinidad component, weapons of mass destruction (WMD).
Feature Article
Weapons Diagnostics Technology Revolutionizes Cancer Treatment
George Caporaso
Key Words: Accuray, Inc.; cancer treatment; Compact Particle Acceleration Corporation (CPAC); Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA); dielectric wall accelerator (DWA); high-gradient insulator (HGI); proton therapy; x-radiation therapy; technology transfer; TomoTherapy, Inc.
Research Highlights
Glimpsing Fusion with the World’s Fastest Light Deflector Lightweight, Scalable Tool Identifies Supercomputers’ Code Errors
Greg Lee
Key Words: bug, computer core, debugging, extreme-scale computing system, high-performance computing, R&D 100 Award, stack trace analysis tool (STAT).
Plutonium Hitches a Ride on Subsurface Particles
Annie Kersting
Key Words: actinide, Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Hanford Site, Mayak nuclear complex, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada Test Site, nuclear forensics, plutonium, Rocky Flats Plant.
Feature Article
A Beamline to National Security
Graham Bench
Key Words: accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS), heavy-element chemistry, Laser Inertial Fusion Energy (LIFE), National Ignition Facility (NIF), national security, nonproliferation, nuclear forensics.
Research Highlights
Breaking the Pattern of Antibiotic Resistance Bringing the Big Bang into View
Ron Soltz
Key Words: A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE), big bang, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Green Linux Compute Cluster, Large Hadron Collider (LHC), quark–gluon plasma, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC).
Enhanced Damage Resistance for NIF Optics
Jeff Bude
Key Words: advanced mitigation process (AMP), final optics assembly, focusing lens, fused silica optics, hydrofluoric acid, National Ignition Facility (NIF), 3-omega light.
Feature Article
Igniting Our Energy Future
Mike Dunne
Key Words: deuterium, Electric Power Research Institute, electricity, flashlamp, inertial fusion, laser diode, Laser Inertial Fusion Energy (LIFE), lithium, National Ignition Facility (NIF), National Research Council, nuclear energy, power plant, tritium.
Research Highlights
Going Smaller, Raising Sensitivity New Insight into the Unseen World
Jennifer Pett-Ridge
Key Words: biofuel, bioremediation, Chip-SIP, Livermore Microarray Center (LMAC), microarray, microorganism, nanometer-scale secondary-ion mass spectrometer (NanoSIMS), nucleic acids, stable isotope probing (SIP), taxa, taxonomy.
Feature Article
Training a New Generation of Research Scientists
Kris Kulp
Key Words: Institutional Postdoc Program Board, Lawrence Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, Postdoc Program, postdoctoral research, University Relations Program.
Research Highlights
Life from Outer Space A New Shape for Optical Fiber Lasers
Jay Dawson
Key Words: optical fiber, ribbon-fiber laser.
Preventing Terror in the Skies
Harry Martz
Key Words: automated threat-detection algorithm, aviation security, explosives detection, linear attenuation coefficient, Transportation Security Administration, x-ray computed tomography (CT).
Feature Article
From Video to Knowledge
Sheila Vaidya
Key Words: Angel Fire; Autonomous Real-Time Ground Ubiquitous Surveillance Imaging System (ARGUS-IS); Constant Hawk; graphics processing unit (GPU); intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR); Persistics; pixel; Predator; Reaper; Sonoma.
Research Highlights
Kinetic Models Predict Biofuel Efficiency Going Deep with MEGa-Rays
Chris Barty
Key Words: Compton backscattering, Dual Isotope Notch Observer (DINO), mono-energetic gamma-ray (MEGa-ray) light source, nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF), VELOCIRAPTOR.
Energy on Demand
Dick Post
Key Words: bulk energy storage, Cooperative Research and Development Agreement, electromechanical battery (EMB), electrostatic generator–motor, flywheel, Industrial Partnerships Office, magnetic bearings, renewable energy.
Feature Article
From Respiration to Carbon Capture
Roger Aines
Key Words: carbon capture, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbonic anhydrase, density functional theory (DFT), greenhouse gas.
Research Highlights
A Complex Game of Cat and Mouse New Campus Set to Transform Two National Laboratories
James Koonce
Key Words: Combustion Research Facility (CRF), high-energy-density science, Hyperion, Livermore Valley Open Campus (LVOC), National Ignition Facility (NIF).
Feature Article
Groundbreaking Science with the World’s Brightest X Rays.
Stefan Hau-Riege
Key Words: FLASH laser, Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), nanoparticles, proteins, self-amplified spontaneous emission, single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL).
Research Highlights
From Data to Discovery The Sun in All Its Splendor
Regina Soufli
Key Words: Advanced Light Source, Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light, magnetic field, magnetron sputtering deposition, multilayer mirror, solar corona, Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), solar physics, Sun.
Drilling Deep into Plant Veins
Michael Thelen
Key Words: atomic force microscopy (AFM), biofuel, cellulose, fluorescence microscopy, Joint BioEnergy Institute, lignin, lignocellulose, mesophyll, synchrotron radiation Fourier-transform infrared (SR-FTIR) spectromicroscopy, xylem.
Feature Article
Strengthening Our Understanding of Climate Change
Graham Bench
Key Words: black coral, carbon-12, carbon-14, carbon dioxide (CO2), Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS), climate change, Geradia sp., gold coral, Leiopathes sp., photosynthesis, Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, radiocarbon dating.
Precision Diagnostics Tell All
Robert L. Kauffman
Key Words: advanced radiographic capability, Dante spectrometer, diagnostic instrument manipulator, full aperture backscatter station, high-energy-density science, hohlraum, ignition, inertial confinement fusion, laser, magnetic recoil spectrometer, National Ignition Campaign (NIC), National Ignition Facility (NIF), near backscatter imager, neutron, OMEGA laser, target, Velocity Interferometer for Any Reflector (VISAR).
Research Highlights
Quick Detection of Pathogens by the Thousands Carbon Dioxide into the Briny Deep
Roger Aines
Key Words: active carbon dioxide (CO2) reservoir management, carbon capture and sequestration, NUFT-C code.
R&D 100 Awards
A Scintillating Radiation Detection Material
Nerine Cherepy
Key Words: gamma-ray spectroscopy, R&D 100 Award, radiation detection, radiological attack, strontium iodide scintillator.
Software Solution for Radioactive Contraband Detection
James Candy
Key Words: Bayesian processing techniques, cargo container, gamma detector, R&D 100 Award, radionuclide detection, statistical radiation detection system (SRaDS).
Measuring Extremely Bright Pulses of Light
Stefan Hau-Riege
Key Words: Linac Coherent Light Source, R&D 100 Award, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) energy monitor.
High-Speed Imager for Fast, Transient Events at NIF
Warren Hsing
Key Words: electromagnetic pulse, fusion, grating-actuated transient optical recorder (GATOR), National Ignition Campaign, National Ignition Facility (NIF), R&D 100 Award.
Taking the Salt Out of the Sea
Francesco Fornasiero
Key Words: carbon nanotube (CNT) membrane, desalination, filtration, R&D 100 Award, reclamation, reverse osmosis.
A Look inside the Living Eye
Diana Chen
Key Words: adaptive optics (AO), deformable mirror, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), ocular disease, optical coherence tomography (OCT), R&D 100 Award, retinal imaging.
Research Highlights
Collaboration Expands the Periodic Table, One Element at a Time
Dawn Shaughnessy
Key Words: Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), periodic table, superheavy elements.
Students and Researchers Partner for Summer Projects
Barry Goldman
Key Words: Academic Cooperation Program, Institutional Education Committee, Military Academic Research Associate (MARA) Program, Outstanding Mentor Award, Scholar Employment Program, Student Internship Program.
Feature Article
Science in Support of International Weapon Treaties
Jay Zucca
Key Words: Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), Forensic Science Center (FSC), GeMini, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), International Monitoring System, Limited Test Ban Treaty, New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START), Next Generation Safeguards Initiative, Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), Threshold Test Ban Treaty.
Research Highlights
Crossing Computational Frontiers Quickly Identifying Viable Pathogens from the Environment
Staci Kane and Sonia Létant
Key Words: anthrax, Bacillus anthracis, biological threat agent, bioterrorism, pathogen, rapid viability polymerase chain reaction (RV-PCR), spore.
A Discriminating Device to Detect Antineutrinos
Adam Bernstein
Key Words: aboveground antineutrino detector, Cerenkov light, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), nonproliferation, nuclear reactor, San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station, scintillator.
Feature Article
Enhancing Confidence in the Nation’s Nuclear Stockpile
Pat Allen and Bob Maxwell
Key Words: Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, high explosive (HE), life-extension program (LEP), Nuclear Posture Review (NPR), Pantex Plant, photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV), plutonium, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), Stockpile Stewardship Program, uranium hydride.
Research Highlights
Narrowing Uncertainties Insight into a Deadly Disease
Amy Rasley
Key Words: Acanthamoeba castellanii, amoeba, bioterrorism, encystment, Francisella tularensis, host cell, pathogen, tularemia, vaccine.
Return to Rongelap
Terry Hamilton
Key Words: Castle Bravo nuclear test, Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS), cesium-137, Marshall Islands, plutonium urinalysis, potassium fertilizer, radiation dose, radioactive fallout, Rongelap Atoll Local Government, whole-body counting.
Feature Article
Diamonds Put the Pressure on Materials
William Evans
Key Words: compression rate, crystal growth, dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC), high-pressure experiment, material dynamics, moissanite anvil cell (MAC), phase transformation kinetics, static experiment, superhard material.
Research Highlights
Exploring the Unusual Behavior of Granular Materials A 1-Ton Device in a Briefcase
Julie Herberg
Key Words: chemical warfare agent, electrophoresis, LaserLathe, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry.
Targets Designed for Ignition
Trish Damkroger
Key Words: Brillouin scattering, cryogenics, energetics, fuel capsule, hohlraum, inertial confinement fusion, laser–plasma interaction, National Ignition Campaign (NIC), National Ignition Facility (NIF), Raman scattering, target design.
Feature Article
A Stellar Performance
Trish Damkroger
Key Words: energy gain, hohlraum, ignition, inertial confinement fusion (ICF), laser performance, pulse shape, National Ignition Campaign, National Ignition Facility (NIF), wavelength tuning.
Research Highlights
Extracting More Power from the Wind Date for a Heart Cell
Bruce Buchholz
Key Words: carbon-14 dating, cardiomyocyte, Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS), heart-cell regeneration.
Unique Marriage of Biology and Semiconductors
Ann Stark
Key Words: bionanoelectronics, lipid, nanotechnology, silicon nanowire.
Feature Article
Responding to a Terrorist Attack Involving Chemical Warfare Agents
Carolyn Koester or Ellen Raber
Key Words: chemical warfare, Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), decontamination, Forensic Science Center (FSC), Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), mustard, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), San Francisco International Airport (SFO), sarin, VX.
Research Highlights
Revealing the Secrets of a Deadly Disease
Brett Chromy
Key Words: optoelectronic tweezers (OET), pathogen cells, plague disease, trapping system, Yersinia pestis.
A New Application for a Weapons Code
Willy Moss
Key Words: Afghanistan, blast wave, combat helmet, improvised explosive device (IED), Iraq, traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Testing Valuable National Assets for X-Ray Damage
Kevin Fournier
Key Words: gas-filled target, National Ignition Facility (NIF), OMEGA laser, plasma physics, radiation effects testing, x rays, x-ray source.
An Efficient Way to Harness the Sun’s Power
Charles Bennett
Key Words: electric power, GyroSolé™, heat energy, renewable energy source, solar energy, solar thermal technology, steam-powered engine, technology transfer, thermal-energy storage.
Feature Article
The Hunt for Better Radiation Detection
Steve Payne
Key Words: crystal growth, gamma radiation, garnet, helium-3, lanthanum bromide (cerium), neutron, radiation detection, scintillation detector, stilbene, strontium iodide, transparent ceramics.
Research Highlights
Time-Critical Technology Identifies Deadly Bloodborne Pathogens
John Dzenitis
Key Words: bloodborne-pathogen detection, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), point-of-care testing (POCT), sepsis.
Defending Computer Networks against Attack
Celeste Matarazzo
Key Words: Comprehensive National Cyber Security Initiative, cyber security, hacker, Internet, malware, Supercomputing Enabled Transformational Analytics Capability (SETAC).
Imaging Cargo’s Inner Secrets
Marie-Anne Descalle
Key Words: Cargo Automated Radiography System, cargo screening, fissile material, fission, Monte Carlo modeling, photon, radition detection, scintillator.
Feature Article
A Defensive “Coat” for Materials under Attack
Joe Farmer
Key Words: amorphous metal alloy, corrosion resistance, criticality control, metallic glass, neutron absorption, thermal spray coating.
Research Highlights
Too Close for Comfort
David S. Dearborn
Key Words: asteroid, deflection, fragmentation, gravity tractor, impactor technology, Spaceguard Near-Earth Object Survey, nuclear explosive, space.
Hyperion: A Titan of High-Performance Computing Systems
Mark Seager
Key Words: high-performance computing (HPC), Hyperion, Linux cluster, petascale system.
Isolating Pathogens for Speedy Identification
Klint Rose
Key Words: acoustic focusing, bacteria, Center for Micro- and Nanotechnology, dielectrophoresis, DNA, isotachophoresis, microfluidics, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), RNA, virus.
2009 R&D 100 Awards
Light-Speed Spectral Analysis of a Laser Pulse
J. Paul Armstrong
Key Words: bandwidth, interlock, Mercury laser, optics damage, R&D 100 Award, spectral analysis, spectral sentry.
Capturing Waveforms in a Quadrillionth of a Second
Corey V. Bennett
Key Words: dynamic range, FemtoScope, R&D 100 Award, temporal imaging, temporal resolution, time microscope.
Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy in the Palm of Your Hand
Morgan Burks
Key Words: gamma-ray spectrometer, GeMini, germanium, International Atomic Energy Agency, nuclear safeguards, radiation detector, R&D 100 Award.
Building Fusion Targets with Precision Robotics
Richard Montesanti
Key Words: force and torque feedback, fusion ignition targets, National Ignition Facility (NIF), precision robotic assembly machine, R&D 100 Award.
ROSE: Making Compiler Technology More Accessible
Dan Quinlan
Key Words: binary analysis compiler, compiler infrastructure, program analysis, R&D 100 Award, ROSE, source code optimization, source code transformation, source code translation, source-to-source.
Restoring Sight to the Blind with an Artificial Retina
Satinderpall Pannu
Key Words: age-related macular degeneration, artificial retina, blindness, ocular disease, R&D 100 Award, retinal implant, retinal degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa.
Eradicating the Aftermath of War
Peter Haugen
Key Words: demining, Hystar, iRadar, LANDMARC, land mine locator, R&D 100 Award, ultrawideband radar.
Compact Alignment for Diagnostic Laser Beams
Mike Rushford
Key Words: Advanced Radiography Capability (ARC), bifocal lens, imaging camera, laser beam alignment, laser beam centering and pointing system (LBCAPS), National Ignition Facility (NIF), R&D 100 Award.
Feature Article
Securing Radiological Sources in Africa
Carolyn Mac Kenzie
Key Words: Africa, Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI), orphan source, radiological source, search and secure.
Featured Articles
Herbert F. York (1921–2009), A Life of Firsts, an Ambassador for Peace
Maxine Trost
Key Words: Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), arms control, Herbert Frank York, Institute for Global Conflict and Cooperation (IGCC), University of California (UC) at San Diego.
Searching for Life in Extreme Environments
John Dzenitis
Key Words: archaea, Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets Program, autonomous pathogen detection system (APDS), Environmental Sample Processor (ESP), Europa, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) module.
Research Highlights
Energy Goes with the Flow
A. J. Simon
Key Words: carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, energy flow charts, energy flow diagrams, energy resources.
The Radiant Side of Sound
Evan Reed
Key Words: acoustic wave, piezoelectric material, ramp compression, shock wave, semiconductor, sound wave, strain, terahertz frequency, ultrafast laser.
Featured Articles
Preventing Close Encounters of the Orbiting Kind
Scot Olivier
Key Words: high-performance computing, Joint Space Operations Center, ParaDyn (parallel DYNA3D), parallel discrete event simulation (PDES), space situational awareness, Space Surveillance Network (SSN), Testbed Environment for Space Situational Awareness (TESSA), ViSUS.
A CAT Scanner for Nuclear Weapon Components
Pat Allen
Key Words: Combined Large Optical Scintillator Screen and Imaging System (CoLOSSIS), computed tomography (CT), nondestructive evaluation, Pantex Plant, radiography, stockpile stewardship, x ray.
Research Highlights
Mass-Producing Positrons
Hui Chen
Key Words: antimatter, astrophysics, gamma ray, high-Z material, hot electron, plasma, positron, positronium, Titan, ultraintense laser.
The Next Generation of Medical Diagnostic Devices
John Chang
Key Words: intracranial hematoma detector, medical diagnostic device, micropower impulse radar, noninvasive pneumothorax detector, R&D 100, ultrawideband (UWB), vital signs monitor.
Featured Articles
Dissolving Molecules to Improve Their Performance
Robert Maxwell
Key Words: high explosive, High Explosives Applications Facility, hydrogen bond, ionic liquid, molecular crystal, 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), quantum molecular dynamics (QMD), Site 300, Transformational Materials Initiative (TMI).
Exceptional People Producing Great Science
Kris Kulp
Key Words: accelerator mass spectrometer, atomic force microscopy (AFM), climate change, Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE), high-mass star, Institutional Postdoc Program Board, mathematical modeling, nanoparticle, National Ignition Facility (NIF), neutrinoless double-beta decay, particle physics, quantum computing, stockpile stewardship.
Research Highlights
Revealing the Identities and Functions of Microbes
Jennifer Pett-Ridge
Key Words: biofuels, elemental fluorescent in situ hybridization (El-FISH), microbe, nanometer-scale secondary-ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS), stable isotope.
A Laser Look inside Planets
Ray Smith
Key Words: equation of state, exoplanet, laser-driven ramp compression, OMEGA laser, National Ignition Facility (NIF), phase transformation, super-Earth planet.
Featured Articles
The Journey into a New Era of Scientific Discoveries
Safe and Sustainable Energy with LIFE
Edward I. Moses or Tomás Díaz de la Rubia
Key Words: diode-pumped solid-state lasers (DPSSLs), fast ignition, fission, fusion, hohlraum, hot-spot ignition, inertial confinement fusion, Laser Inertial Fusion Energy (LIFE), National Ignition Facility (NIF), nuclear power, stockpile stewardship.
Simulated Rehearsal for Battle
Lauri Dobbs
Key Words: conflict simulation, Joint Combat and Tactical Simulation (JCATS), JCATS Low Overhead Driver (JLOD), Joint Warfighting Center, North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
Research Highlights
Improving Catalysis with a “Noble” Material
Juergen Biener or Ted Baumann
Key Words: atomic layer deposition (ALD), carbon aerogels, catalysis, catalyst, fuel cell, hydrogen storage, nanoporous materials, oxidation, platinum.
A Time Machine for Fast Neutrons
Mike Heffner
Key Words: detector, fissile material, high-energy physics, ionization track, kinematics, neutron time-projection chamber (nTPC), radioactive source.
Featured Articles
Sleuthing Seismic Signals
Bill Walter
Key Words: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), Crandall Canyon Mine, explosion monitoring, International Monitoring System, nuclear testing, nuclear treaty verification, seismology.
Wind and the Grid
Dora Yen-Nakafuji
Key Words: climate change, electrical grid, electrical infrastructure, intermittent renewables, National Transmission and Energy Resilience Response Analysis (N-TERRA), renewable energy, wind forecasting, Wind SENSE.
Research Highlights
Searching for Tiny Signals from Dark Matter
Darin Kinion
Key Words: Axion Dark Matter Experiment (ADMX), Josephson junction, quantum computing, qubit, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID).
A Better Method for Decontamination
William J. Smith
Key Words: activated carbon, chemical agents, low-cost personal decontamination system (LPDS), Reactive Skin Decontamination Lotion (RSDL), toxic industrial compounds.
Featured Articles
Sniffing the Air with an Electronic Nose
Brad Hart
Key Words: chemical weapon, detector, Forensic Science Center, microcantilever, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), National Consortium for Measurement and Signatures Intelligence Research, polyolefin, sensor, sulfur mustard, VX.
Simulations Explain High-Energy-Density Experiments
Scott Wilks
Key Words: Atlas computer, Computing Grand Challenge Program, high-energy-density (HED) physics, Jupiter Facility, laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA), National Ignition Facility (NIF), reduced-mass target (RMT).
Research Highlights
Seeing Condensed Matter in a New Light
Anton Barty
Key Words: condensed matter, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), FLASH, Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), ultrafast dynamics, x-ray diffraction, x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL).
Environment, Safety, and Health in the Extreme
Allen Macenski
Key Words: environment, safety, and health (ES&H); environmental stewardship; industrial hygiene; integrated safety management (ISM); waste management.
Featured Articles
Taking Ultrafast Snapshots of Material Changes
Nigel Browning
Key Words: dynamic transmission electron microscope (DTEM), materials science, Nano 50 Award, R&D 100 Award.
Automated Technology fo Laser Fusion Systems
Richard Leach and Karl Wilhelmsen
Key Words: autonomous alignment process for laser fusion systems (AAPLF), fusion, image-processing algorithm, laser beam path, National Ignition Facility (NIF), photon science, R&D 100 Award.
Protecting the Nation through Secure Cargo
Kique Romero
Key Words: cargo container, GUARDIAN, R&D 100 Award, SecureBox, security, sensor, transmitted reference modulation, transportation, ultrawideband (UWB) communications.
Atom by Atom, Layer by Layer
Troy Barbee
Key Words: energetic materials, extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL), magnetron sputter deposition, multilayers, nanolaminates, reactive materials.
Research Highlights
Predicting the Bizarre Properties of Plutonium
Mike Fluss
Key Words: Atlas supercomputer, Computing Grand Challenge Program, delta phase, density functional theory (DFT), dynamical mean field theory (DMFT), plutonium.
Featured Articles
Testing the Accuracy of the Supernova Yardstick
Rob Hoffman
Key Words: CASTRO code, Computational Astrophysical Consortium (CAC), cosmology, dark energy, Grand Challenge computing, hydrodynamics, MAESTRO code, SEDONA code, SNe code, Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia).
Developing New Drugs and Personalized Medical Treatment
Ken Turteltaub
Key Words: accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion), biosecurity, cancer, Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS), chemotherapy, microdosing, pharmacokinetics, University of California (UC) Davis Cancer Center.
Research Highlights
Triage in a Patch
Erik Mukerjee and Elizabeth Wheeler
Key Words: BioBriefcase, DNA sampling, exposure monitoring, lateral flow assay, microneedle.
Smoothing Out Defects for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography
Paul Mirkarimi
Key Words: deposition, etching, extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL), integrated circuit, ion-beam thin-film planarization process, mask defect, microchip, reflective multilayer, semiconductor industry, transistor.
Featured Articles
The New Face of Industrial Partnerships
Erik Stenehjem
Key Words: commercialization, Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA), industrial partnership, laser peening, proton accelerator, SecureBox, technology transfer.
Monitoring a Nuclear Weapon from the Inside
Jim Trebes and Tony Lavietes
Key Words: embedded sensors, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, hydrogen getter, joint test assemblies, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), Moscow Treaty on Strategic Offensive Reductions, nuclear stockpile, Raman spectroscopy, stockpile stewardship.
Research Highlights
Simulating the Biomolecular Structure of Nanometer-Size Particles
Richard Law
Key Words: apolipoprotein E4-22K, Computing Grand Challenge Program, membrane protein, nanolipoprotein particle (NLP), protein structure, simulation, Thunder computer, Zeus computer.
Antineurino Detectors Improve Reactor Safeguards
Adam Bernstein
Key Words: antineutrino detector, Cerenkov light, coherent neutrino nucleus scattering, fissile material, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), inverse beta decay, nuclear reactor safeguards, San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS), scintillator.
May/June 2008
Featured Articles
Shaping the Future of Aneurysm Treatments
Duncan Maitland and Thomas Wilson
Key Words: aneurysm, embolic coiling, foam, hemorrhagic stroke, laser, shape-memory polymer (SMP).
Research Highlights
Ring around a Stellar Shell: A Tale of Scientific Serendipity
Peter Eggleton
Key Words: Djehuty code, helium-3, helium flash, stellar evolution.
On Assignment in Washington, DC
T. R. Koncher
Key Words: change-of-station; Intergovernmental Personnel Agreement; off-site assignment; Washington, DC.
March/April 2008
Featured Articles
Extending the Search for Extrasolar Planets
Bruce Macintosh
Key Words: adaptive optics, angular differential imaging (ADI), astrophysics, coronagraph, debris disk, diffraction imaging, extrasolar planet (exoplanet), Gemini Deep Planet Survey, Gemini Observatory, Gemini Planet Imager (GPI).
Research Highlights
Standardizing the Art of Electron-Beam Welding
John Elmer
Key Words: computed tomography, electron-beam (EBeam) reproducibility, EBeam Profiler, electron-beam welding, modified Faraday cup, power distribution, quality control diagnostics, sharp focus.
Molecular Building Blocks Made of Diamonds
Trevor Willey
Key Words: adamantane, band gap, conduction band, diamond, diamondoid, monolayer, semiconductor.
Animation Brings Science to Life
Michael Loomis
Key Words: animation, computer simulation, Engineering Visualization Theater.
January/February 2008
Featured Articles
Research Highlights
The Role of Dentin in Tooth Fracture
John Kinney
Key Words: atomic force microscopy (AFM), collagen, dentin, dentinal tubules, fracture toughness, resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy.
December 2007
Featured Articles
Research Highlights
A Calculated Journey to the Center of the Earth
Jeff Roberts
Key Words: Advanced Light Source, core formation, iron sulfide, magma ocean, mantle, olivine, partial melt, percolation, permeability, volcanic glass, x-ray computed tomography.
Wireless That Works
Faranak Nekoogar
Key Words: radio-frequency identification tag, ultrawideband (UWB) radar, Utag, VisiBuilding project, wireless communication technology.
Power to the People
Stephen B. Libby
Key Words: fission; fusion; nuclear power; nuclear reactor; Project Plowshare; small, sealed, transportable, autonomous reactor (SSTAR); TRIGA(R) reactor.
November 2007
Featured Articles
Characterizing Virulent Pathogens
Tom Slezak
Key Words: biological agents, BioWatch, foot-and-mouth disease, foreign animal disease, influenza, KPATH, multiplexed assays, pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), virulence.
Research Highlights
Imaging at the Atomic Level
John Bradley
Key Words: electron microscope, electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), monochromator, nanomaterials, Stardust spacecraft, super scanning transmission electron microscope (SuperSTEM).
Scientists without Borders
Mo Bissani
Key Words: Algeria, Argentina, Egypt, international nonproliferation cooperation, International Nuclear Safeguards and Engagement Program (INSEP), Libya, Morocco, Peru, Romania, Thailand, Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Vietnam.
Probing Deep into the Nucleus
Stephen B. Libby
Key Words: Edward Teller, nuclear physics, particle physics, standard model.
October 2007
Featured Articles
Retinal Camera Captures Early Stages of Eye Disease
Scot Olivier
Key Words: deformable mirror, microelectromechanical systems– (MEMS-) based adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (MAOSLO), optical aberrations, R&D 100 Award, retinal imaging, wavefront corrector.
Mobile Mapping of Radioactive Materials
Lorenzo Fabris
Key Words: coded aperture, gamma rays, large-area imager (LAI), radiation detection, R&D 100 Award.
Linear Solutions at Hypre Speed
Rob Falgout
Key Words: hypre linear solver, open-source software, parallel computing, R&D 100 Award, supercomputing.
Bringing Fusion Research into Focus
Joe Menapace
Key Words: continuous-phase-plate (CPP) optics system, inertial confinement fusion (ICF), laser optics, magnetorheological finishing (MRF), National Ignition Facility (NIF), R&D 100 Award.
Back to Basics
Stephen B. Libby
Key Words: atomic physics, Edward Teller, hydrogen molecular ion, Jahn–Teller theorem, molecular physics, polymolecules, Thomas–Fermi approximation, quantum mechanics.
September 2007
Featured Articles
Three Dimensional on the Nanoscale
Vince Malba and Chris Spadaccini
Key Words: grayscale lithography, LaserLathe(TM), laser pantography (LP), magnetic resonance imaging, National Ignition Facility (NIF), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), projection microstereolithography.
Research Highlights
Assessing the Threat of Biological Terrorism
Tom Bates
Key Words: Biodefense Knowledge Center (BKC), bioterrorism, foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), Multiscale Epidemiological/Economic Simulation and Analysis (MESA), systems studies, threat assessment, Threat Awareness Program.
Shedding Light on Dark Matter
Bill Craig
Key Words: antideuteron, antimatter, antiparticle, antiproton, cosmology, dark matter, general antiparticle spectrometer (GAPS), Milky Way Galaxy, neutralino, particle physics, weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP), x-ray detector.
From Fission to Fusion and Beyond
Stephen B. Libby
Key Words: Edward Teller, hydrogen bomb, multiple independently targeted reentry vehicles, Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI).
July/August 2007
Featured Articles
Meeting the Target Challenge
Jeff Atherton and Alex Hamza
Key Words: beryllium capsule, Center for Nondestructive Characterization, cryogenics, high-density carbon, ignition target, inertial confinement fusion (ICF), metallic foam, nanoporous material, Nanoscale Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory (NSCL), National Ignition Facility (NIF).
Research Highlights
A Laboratory to Probe a Planet’s Deep Interior
Peter Celliers
Key Words: astrophysics, diamond anvil cell (DAC), equation of state, National Ignition Facility (NIF), phase transition, plasma piston, ramp-wave-compression (RWC) experiment.
A Closer Look at Nucleosynthesis
Lee Bernstein
Key Words: Coulomb repulsion, elements, fusion, hydrogen burning, National Ignition Facility (NIF), nucleosynthesis, periodic table, rapid (r) process, slow (s) process, stellar evolution, waiting-point nuclei.
Taking on the Stars
Stephen B. Libby
Key Words: astrophysics, controlled fusion, Edward Teller, thermonuclear weapons.
June 2007
Featured Articles
Setting a World Driving Record with Hydrogen
Sal Aceves
Key Words: carbon sequestration, compressed hydrogen gas, greenhouse gases, hydrogen-powered vehicle, liquid hydrogen, National Hydrogen Storage Project.
Research Highlights
Virtual Dams Subjected to Strong Earthquakes
Chad Noble
Key Words: dam, DYNA3D, earthquake, finite-element analysis, Multiprogrammatic Capability Resource, NIKE3D, PARADYN, TOPAZ3D, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR).
A Second Chance at Sight
Satinderpall (Sat) Pannu
Key Words: artificial retina, electrode array, microfabrication, retinal prosthesis.
A Gifted Teacher of Applied and Fundamental Physics
Stephen B. Libby
Key Words: Department of Applied Science (DAS), Edward Teller Education Center (ETEC), George Gamow, Niels Bohr, Science and Technology Education Program (STEP).
May 2007
Featured Articles
U.S. Weapons Plutonium Aging Gracefully
Adam Schwartz
Key Words: actinides, Advanced Photon Source (APS), alpha decay, diamond anvil cell (DAC), Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, helium, Joint Actinide Shock Physics Experimental Research (JASPER) Facility, nuclear power, plutonium, Plutonium Futures Conference, stockpile stewardship, uranium.
Research Highlights
Imaging Complex Biomolecules in a Flash
Henry Chapman
Key Words: biological macromolecule, diffraction pattern, FLASH, Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), protein, Shrinkwrap algorithm, virus, x?-ray free-electron laser (FEL).
Lipid Rafts Observed in Cell Membranes
Tim Ratto
Key Words: atomic force microscopy (AFM), bilayer, cell membrane, cholesterol, fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), lipid raft, phase separation.
Exchanging Insights on Quantum Behavior
Stephen B. Libby
Key Words: condensed-matter physics, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller equation of state, Edward Teller, Lyddane–Sachs–Teller relationship, Metropolis algorithm.
April 2007
Featured Articles
Fire in the Hole
Julio Friedmann
Key Words: carbon dioxide capture and storage, carbon sequestration, hydrogen production, underground coal gasification (UCG).
Research Highlights
Big Physics in Small Spaces
David Trebotich
Key Words: algorithm, biosensor, continuum model, DNA, fluid flow, microchannel, microfluidic device, multiscale computational fluid dynamics, particle model, post array, viscoelastic fluid.
A New Block on the Periodic Table
Dawn Shaughnessy
Key Words: element 118, heavy elements, island of stability, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR).
A Search for Patterns and Connections
Stephen B. Libby
Key Words: anharmonic oscillator, Ashkin–Teller model, computational physics, Edward Teller, mathematical physics, Metropolis algorithm, Schrödinger equation, Thomas–Fermi model.
March 2007
Featured Articles
On the Leading Edge of Atmospheric Predictions
Gayle Sugiyama
Key Words: airborne toxic release, atmospheric chemistry, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), event reconstruction, fallout model, FEM3MP, Interagency Modeling and Atmospheric Assessment Center (IMAAC), National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC), precipitation scavenging, urban-scale dispersion model, Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model.
Research Highlights
Climate and Agriculture: Change Begets Change
David Lobell
Key Words: agriculture, California, climate change, food supply, global warming, land use, perennial crops, Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI).
New Routes to High Temperatures and Pressures
Jeff Nguyen
Key Words: diamond anvil cell, equation of state (EOS), functionally graded material (FGM) impactor, graded density, Hugoniot curve, Joint Actinide Shock Physics Experimental Research (JASPER) Facility, quasi-isentropic compression, two-stage light-gas gun.
From Sound Waves to Stars: Teller’s Contributions to Shock Physics
Stephen B. Libby
Key Words: Edward Teller, magnetohydrodynamics, Manhattan Project, shock physics.
January/February 2007
Featured Articles
Identifying the Source of Stolen Nuclear Materials
David Smith
Key Words: cosmochemistry, Forensic Science Center, Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), nuclear attribution, nuclear forensics, Nuclear Forensics Analysis Center, nuclear material, nuclear terrorism..
Research Highlights
Tiny Tubes Make the Flow Go
Olgica Bakajin and Aleksandr Noy
Key Words: carbon nanotube membrane, Center for Micro- and Nanotechnology, filtration, microfluidics.
Acidic Microbe Community Fosters the Unique
Michael Thelen
Key Words: acid mine drainage, archaea, bacteria, genomics, iron oxidation, Leptospirillum, proteomics.
December 2006
Featured Articles
Diagnosing Flu Fast
Mary McBride
Key Words: Autonomous Pathogen Detection System, FluIDx, influenza, KPATH, multiplex assays, point-of-care diagnosis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respiratory disease.
Research Highlights
An Action Plan to Reopen a Contaminated Airport
Ellen Raber
Key Words: airport, bioterrorism, decontamination, emergency response and recovery, rapid viability polymerase chain reaction (RV-PCR), subway, transportation facilities.
Early Detection of Bone Disease
Darren Hillegonds
Key Words: accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), bone disease, calcium-41, cancer, Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS).
Taking a Gander with Gamma Rays
Christopher Barty
Key Words: cargo inspection, gamma-ray spectrum, isotope photography, nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) imaging, Thomson-radiated extreme x-ray (T-REX) system, Thomson scattering.
November 2006
Featured Articles
Extracting Key Content from Images
David Paglieroni
Key Words: gradient direction matching (GDM) algorithm, Image Content Engine (ICE), Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), National Ignition Facility (NIF), Predictive Knowledge Systems (PKS).
Research Highlights
Got Oxygen?
Jason Raymond
Key Words: anaerobic organisms, bioinformatics, evolution, metabolic network expansion, oxygen, oxygenation.
A Shocking New Form of Laserlike Light
Evan Reed
Key Words: coherent light, crystal lattice arrays, ionic crystals, laser, molecular dynamics simulations, shock wave, terahertz frequency, Thunder supercomputer.
October 2006
R&D 100 Award Highlights
Surveillance on the Fly
Deanna Pennington
Key Words: electro-optical sensors, graphics processing unit, nonproliferation, R&D 100 Award, Sonoma Persistent Surveillance System, video imagery, visualization.
A Detector Radioactive Particles Can’t Evade
Stephan Friedrich
Key Words: lithium fluoride, mechanical pulse-tube refrigerator, radiation detection, R&D 100 Award, Ultrahigh-Resolution Gamma and Neutron Spectrometer (UltraSpec).
Babel Speeds Communication among Programming Languages
Thomas Epperly
Key Words: Babel, Common Component Architecture Forum, Fortran, language interoperability, R&D 100 Award, Scientific Interface Definition Language (SIDL).
A Gem of a Software Tool
Chandrika Kamath
Key Words: data-mining software, R&D 100 Award, Sapphire.
Interferometer Improves the Search for Planets
David Erskine
Key Words: externally dispersed interferometry (EDI), moireL pattern, R&D 100 Award, spectroscopy.
Efficiently Changing the Color of Laser Light
Christopher Ebbers
Key Words: high-average-power laser, Mercury laser, potassium di-deuterium phosphate (DKDP) crystal, R&D 100 Award, wavelength conversion, yttrium|calcium|oxyborate (YCOB) crystal.
Pocket-Sized Test Detects Trace Explosives
John Reynolds
Key Words: Easy Livermore Inspection Test for Explosives (E.L.I.T.E.TM) card, explosives testing, R&D 100 Award.
Featured Article
Tailor-Made Microdevices Serve Big Needs
Anantha Krishnan
Key Words: Center for Micro- and Nanotechnology (CMNT), deformable mirror, grayscale lithography, microelectrode array, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), microfluidic device, microresonator, Nanobarcodes(R), nanolaminate, photonics, pillar detector, retinal prosthesis, thermal neutron?etector.
September 2006
Featured Articles
Decoding the Origin of a Bioagent
Steve Velsko
Key Words: atomic force microscopy (AFM), Bacillus anthracis, biological agent, Clostridium novyi-NT, genetic typing, insertion sequence (IS) elements, microbial forensics, nanometer-scale secondary-ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS), National Bioforensics Analysis Center (NBFAC), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), polymorphism, Scientific Working Group for Forensic Analysis of Microbial Evidence (SWGFAME), Yersinia pestis.
Research Highlights
A New Look at How Aging Bones Fracture
John Kinney
Key Words: bone density, bone fracture, bone structure, buckling, NIKE3D, osteoporosis, trabecular bone.
Fusion Targets on the Double
Matthew Bono
Key Words: ablator, aerogel, concentric tolerance, diamond turning, double-shell target, fusion experiment, submicrometer machining.
July/August 2006
Featured Articles
Planets and Stars under the Magnifying Glass
Kem Cook
Key Words: extrasolar planets, gravitational microlensing, Massively Compact Halo Object (MACHO) Project, Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics (MOA), OGLE-2005-BLG-290-Lb, Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE), Probing Lensing Anomalies Network (PLANET), Robotic Telescope Network (RoboNet).
Research Highlights
Keeping an Eye on the Prize
Fred Streitz
Key Words: Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI), Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program, BlueGene/L, domain decomposition molecular-dynamics (ddcMD) code, Gordon Bell Prize, model-generalized pseudo-potential theory (MGPT), solidification.
June 2006
Featured Articles
Adaptive Optics Provide a Clearer View
Scot Olivier
Key Words: adaptive optics (AO), Center for Adaptive Optics (CfAO), fiber laser, Gemini Observatory, Keck Observatory, Laboratory for Adaptive Optics, laser guide star, Lick Observatory, MEMS-based adaptive optics phoropter (MAOP), microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), National Science Foundation, optical coherence tomography (OCT), scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO), Science Technology Center, Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), vision science.
Research Highlights
Wired on the Nanoscale
Yu Huang
Key Words: bacteriophage, biological scaffolds, DNA, genetic engineering, Lawrence Fellowship Program, nanosystems, nanotechnology, nanowires, quantum dots, virus.
Too Hot to Handle
Bala Govindasamy
Key Words: carbon cycle, carbon dioxide emissions, carbon sink, climate modeling, deforestation, fossil-fuel depletion, global climate change, global warming, greenhouse gases, land use, oceanic acidity, vegetation?hange.
May 2006
Featured Articles
Protecting the Nation’s Livestock
Ray Lenhoff
Key Words: agroterrorism, bioassay, foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), foreign animal disease (FAD), homeland security, National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN), National Veterinary Services Laboratory (NVSL), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Research Highlights
Measures for Measures
Peter Poulsen
Key Words: emissivity, high-precision thermometry, infrared spectrometry, relative reflectivity method, spectrum method.
Looping through the Lamb Shift
Peter Beiersdorfer
Key Words: electron-beam ion trap, ions, polarized vacuum, quantum electrodynamics (QED), quantum fluctuations, quantum mechanics, self-energy, spectroscopy, SuperEBIT, two-loop Lamb shift, uranium, virtual particles, virtual photons.
April 2006
Featured Articles
Research Highlights
Studying the Behavior of Crystal Deformation
David Lassila and Jeff Florando
Key Words: crystal deformation, dislocation dynamics, metallic single crystals, six degrees of freedom (6DOF), slip systems, strain, stress, three-dimensional (3D) image correlation.
An Accelerated Collaboration Meets with Beaming Success
George Caporaso
Key Words: Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamics Test (DARHT) Facility, DARHT-II, Experimental Test Accelerator-II (ETA-II), stockpile stewardship, validation, x rays, x-ray imaging.
March 2006
Featured Articles
Research Highlights
The Shocking Truth about Detonations and Metals
John Molitoris
Key Words: aluminum, fragmentation, high explosives, High Explosives Applications Facility (HEAF), Hydra multichannel x-ray system, metal behavior, shock wave, spall, x-radiography.
Floating into Thin Air
Bill Craig
Key Words: active galactic nuclei (AGN), balloon launch, black holes, hard x rays, High Energy Focusing Telescope (HEFT), Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), soft x rays.
Carbon Goes Full Circle in the Amazon
Tom Brown
Key Words: Amazon River basin, carbon-14, carbon cycle, carbon dioxide, Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS), radiocarbon dating, sequestration.
January/February 2006
Featured Articles
Simulating Materials for Nanostructural Designs
Eric Schwegler
Key Words: confined water, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, nanofluidic devices, nanostructures, Qbox code, silicon carbide.
Research Highlights
Zeroing In on New Targets
Matthew Bono
Key Words: copper targets, equations of state (EOS), laser targets, machine tools, National Ignition Facility (NIF), precision machining, shock velocity, target fabrication.
Monitoring Nuclear Reactors with Antineutrinos
Adam Bernstein
Key Words: antineutrino detector, coherent elastic scatter, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), inverse beta decay, nuclear power reactor, plutonium, uranium.
December 2005
Featured Articles
A Peculiar Burst of Stars
Wil van Breugel
Key Words: accretion disks, black holes, COSMOS code, early universe, electromagnetic spectrum, gas clouds, Minkowsk fs Object, molecular hydrogen, nearby galaxies, NGC 541, neutral hydrogen, radio astronomy, radio emission, radio interferometry, radio jets, radio telescope, star formation, Very Large Array (VLA).
Research Highlights
Exploring the Link between Diet and Cancer
Kristen Kulp
Key Words: 2-amino-1,6-dimethylfuro[3,2-e]imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (IFP), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazol[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), estradiol, estrogen-receptor protein, food mutagen, heterocyclic amine.
When Lightning Strikes at Site 300
Charles G. Brown
Key Words: explosives, Faraday cage, hazard management, lightning, signal processing, Site 300, workplace safety.
November 2005
Featured Articles
A Wide New Window on the Universe
James Brase
Key Words: adaptive optics, asteroid, comet, dark energy, dark matter, gravitational lensing, Kuiper Belt, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), National Ignition Facility (NIF), near-Earth objects, supernovae, wavefront sensing.
Research Highlights
Built for Speed: Graphics Processors for General-Purpose Computing
John Johnson and Shiela Vaidya
Key Words: central processing unit (CPU), general-purpose programming, Graphics Architectures for Intelligence Applications (GAIA) project, graphics processing unit (GPU), knowledge discovery, streaming architectures.
Negative Plasma Densities Raise Questions
Joe Nilsen
Key Words: bound electrons, free electrons, fringe shifts, index of refraction, plasma density, x-ray interferometry.
October 2005
R&D 100 Awards Highlights
NanoFoil® Solders with Less
Troy Barbee
Key Words: computer industry, NanoBond process, NanoFoil, nanotechnology, R&D 100 Award.
Detecting Radiation on the Move
Daniel Archer
Key Words: adaptable radiation area monitor (ARAM), homeland security, radiation detection, R&D 100 Award.
Identifying Airborne Pathogens in Time to Respond
Vincent Riot
Key Words: airborne pathogen, anthrax, bioaerosol mass spectrometry (BAMS) system, R&D 100 Award.
Picture Perfect with VisIT
Eric Brugger
Key Words: open-source visualization software, R&D 100 Award, VisIT.
Featured Article
Revealing the Mysteries of Water
Christopher Mundy
Key Words: Car-Parinello molecular dynamics (CPMD) code, classical molecular dynamics, extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), first-principles molecular dynamics, hydrogen bonds, near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), superionic phase, Thunder, water research.
Research Highlight
Lightweight Target Generates Bright, Energetic X Rays
Kevin Fournier
Key Words: aerogels, doped aerogels, HELEN laser, inertial confinement fusion (ICF), National Ignition Facility (NIF), OMEGA laser, radiation-effects tests, x rays, Z-pinch accelerator.
September 2005
Featured Articles
How One Equation Changed the World
Maurice Aufderheide
Key Words: Albert Einstein, E = mc2, fission, fusion, Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) Purchase Agreement, inertial confinement fusion, International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), magnetic fusion energy, Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search (MINOS), Main Injector Particle Production (MIPP), National Ignition Facility (NIF), neutrinos, SSTAR (small, sealed, transportable, autonomous reactor), Stockpile Stewardship Program.
Research Highlights
Recycled Equations Help Verify Livermore Codes
Bill Moran
Key Words: Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program, analytic solutions, code verification and validation, hydrodynamics, stockpile stewardship, three-dimensional (3D) modeling.
Dust That’s Worth Keeping
Hope Ishii
Key Words: 2,175-angstrom feature, focused ion beam, glass with embedded metals and sulfides (GEMS), interplanetary dust particle (IDP), nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometer (NanoSIMS), presolar grains, transmission electron microscope (TEM).
July/August 2005
Featured Articles
A Random Walk through Time and Space
Maurice Aufderheide
Key Words: Albert Einstein, blackbody radiation, hohlraum, inertial confinement fusion, light quanta, photoelectric effect, photons, quantum mechanics, single-photon detection, x-ray lasers, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Research Highlights
The Search for Methane in Earth's Mantle
Larry Fried
Key Words: CHEETAH code, diamond anvil cell (DAC), hydrocarbon, methane, Raman spectroscopy, thermodynamics, x-ray diffraction.
Testing the Physics of Nuclear Isomers
John Becker
Key Words: Advanced Photon Source (APS), gamma rays, gamma-ray lasers, hafnium, Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, nuclear battery, nuclear isomers, radioactive decay, stimulated emission.
June 2005
Featured Articles
Shedding Light on Quantum Physics
Maurice Aufderheide
Key Words: Albert Einstein, blackbody radiation, hohlraum, inertial confinement fusion, light quanta, photoelectric effect, photons, quantum mechanics, single-photon detection, x-ray lasers, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Research Highlights
The Sharper Image for Surveillance
Carmen Carrano
Key Words: atmospheric turbulence, enhanced surveillance, speckle imaging, image processing.
Keeping It Cool Close to the Sun
Norman Madden
Key Words: gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS), germanium detector, KEVLAR fiber, Mercury, MESSENGER, thermal shielding, vibration testing.
May 2005
Featured Articles
Locked in Rock: Sequestering Carbon Dioxide Underground
Larry Friedmann
Key Words: carbon sequestration, Carbon Storage Initiative, climate change, crosswell electromagnetic (EM) imaging, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), FutureGen Initiative, GEMBOCHS, global warming, hyperspectral cameras, LDEC, NUFT, reactive transport modeling, SLIP (solventless vapor deposition combined with in situ polymerization) process, Teapot Dome.
Research Highlights
Modeling the Subsurface Movement of Radionuclides
Gayle Pawloski
Key Words: Cheshire test, environmental restoration, groundwater flow, hydrologic source term, Nevada Test Site, NUFT code, Pahute Mesa, radionuclides, underground nuclear testing, Underground Test Area (UGTA) Project.
Novel Materials from Solgel Chemistry
Joe Satcher
Key Words: aerogel, gelation, polymerization, solgel chemistry, supercritical drying, xerogel.
April 2005
Featured Articles
Faculty on Sabbatical Find a Good Home at Livermore
Harry Radousky
Key Words: Advanced Light Source (ALS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), laser-heated diamond anvil cell (LHDAC), Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), Sabbatical Scholars Program, University Relations Program (URP).
Research Highlights
Finding Genes by Leaps and Bounds
Gabriela Loots
Key Words: Biosciences Directorate, comparative sequence analysis, evolutionary gene conservation, frogs, functional genomics, gene sequence, Joint Genome Institute, Xenopus tropicalis.
Into the Wild Blue Yonder with BlueGene/L
Mark Seager
Key Words: Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program, barrier interconnect, binary-tree interconnect, BlueGene/L, node, scalability, stockpile stewardship, supercomputer, three-dimensional torus interconnect, Top500 list.
March 2005
Featured Articles
Tracing the Steps in Nuclear Material Trafficking
Ian Hutcheon
Key Words: Forensic Science Center (FSC), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), nano-secondary ion mass spectrometer (NanoSIMS), nuclear forensic analysis, Nuclear Smuggling International Technical Working Group (ITWG), scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope.
Research Highlights
Looking at Earth in Action
Brian Bonner
Key Words: gas hydrates, geophysics, ice physics, methane hydrate, San Andreas Fault.
Gamma-Ray Bursts Shower the Universe with Metals
Jason Pruet
Key Words: accretion disk, black hole, collapsar model, copper, disk wind, gamma-ray burst (GRB), neutron star, nickel, nuclear reaction network, nucleosynthesis, scandium, supernova, zinc.
January/February 2005
Featured Articles
Russian Weapons Workers Begin New Commercial Venture
Jay Zucca
Key Words: Federal Atomic Energy Agency, former Soviet Union (FSU), Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention (IPP), nonproliferation, Nuclear Cities Initiative (NCI), Proliferation and Terrorism Prevention Program, Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy, Russian Transition Initiatives.
Research Highlights
Terascale Simulation Facility: Built for Flexibility
Barbara Atkinson
Key Words: Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program, BlueGene/L, data visualization, Purple, supercomputer, Terascale Simulation Facility (TSF).
Mining Geothermal Resources
Bill Bourcier
Key Words: cascaded use, geothermal energy, geothermal mining, Mammoth Lakes, silica extraction.
December 2004
Featured Articles
The Art of Protein Structure Prediction
Krzysztof Fidelis
Key Words: Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP), global distance test (GDT), Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program, Local–Global Alignment (LGA), Protein Data Bank (PDB), protein folding, Protein Structure Prediction Center.
Research Highlights
It’s All in Motion When Simulating Fluids
Jim Rathkopf
Key Words: complex particle kinetics (CPK) code, high-energy-density physics, HYDRA code, hohlraum, hydrodynamics, MIRANDA code, plasma, Rayleigh–Taylor instability, Reynolds number.
X Rays, Detonations, and Dead Zones
John Molitoris
Key Words: aerogel, deflagration, detonation, High Explosives Applications Facility (HEAF), high-flux radiography system (HFRS), hydrodynamics, x rays.
November 2004
Featured Articles
From Seeing to Understanding
Steve Louis
Key Words: Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program, BlueGene/L, Center for Applied Scientific Computing (CASC), Chromium, Distributed Multihead X (DMX), gViz, Linux, Purple, stockpile stewardship, supercomputing, Terascale Browser, Visual Interactive Environment for Weapons Simulation (VIEWS), VisIt, White.
Research Highlights
The Right Bang for the Job
Bill Bateson
Key Words: ammunition, collateral damage, deflagration, detonation, hand grenade, high explosives (HE), yield select.
Cell by Cell: Moving toward a More Predictive Future
Allen Christian
Key Words: Biology and Biotechnology Research Program (BBRP), cellular processes, computational biology, Genomes to Life, genomics, GTL:Genomics, Human Genome Project, instrumented cell, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD), microfluidics, quantitative biology, systems biology.
October 2004
2004 R&D Awards
Getting the Big Picture
Sean Ahern
Key Words: Chromium software, clustered rendering, commodity clusters, OpenGL library, parallel graphics library, parallel visualization, powerwall display, R&D 100 Award.
Laser Burrows into the Earth to Destroy Land Mines
Mark Rotter
Key Words: demining, Diode-Pumped Pulsed Laser for Mine Clearing (DP-PLMC), land mine, R&D 100 Award, solid-state heat capacity laser (SSHCL).
Shutting Down Genes in Cancer, Bacteria, and Viruses
Allen Christian
Key Words: cancer, functional genomics, gene expression, gene silencing, gene therapy, R&D 100 Award, ribonucleic acid (RNA) interference, siHybrids, short interfering RNA (siRNA).
Magnetically Levitated Train Takes Flight
Richard Post
Key Words: Halbach array, Inductrack, magnetically levitated (maglev) train, permanent magnets, R&D 100 Award, urban transportation.
Featured Article
The Power of Partnership
Laura Gilliom
Key Words: accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), adaptive optics, biophotonics, Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS), Center for Adaptive Optics, Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology (CBST), Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP), University of California (UC), UC Office of the President (UCOP), University Relations Program (URP).
September 2004
Featured Articles
Exploring the Ultrawideband
Steve Azevedo
Key Words: High-Performance Electromagnetic Roadway Mapping and Evaluation System (HERMES) Bridge Inspector, micropower impulse radar (MIR), narrowband, ultrawideband (UWB).
Research Highlights
Virtual Problem Solving for Homeland Security
Rob Hills
Key Words: Advanced Combat and Tactical Simulation (ACATS), Department of Homeland Security, entity-based simulations, Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation (JCATS).
Solid-State Technology Meets Collider Challenge
Jeff Gronberg
Key Words: electron–positron linear collider, Next Linear Collider (NLC), klystron, particle accelerator, solid-state modulator, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), thyratron, vacuum-tube technology.
July/August 2004
Featured Articles
Going to Extremes
Larry Fried
Key Words: CHEETAH code, chemical kinetics, diamond anvil cell, equation of state, extreme chemistry, gas gun, high explosives (HE), planetary physics, shock physics, thermochemical code.
Research Highlights
Nuclear Energy to Go: A Self-Contained, Portable Reactor
Craig Smith
Key Words: Central Research Institute for Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI); lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR); Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT); nuclear reactor; small, sealed, transportable, autonomous reactor (SSTAR).
This Instrument Keeps the Beat
Ted Strand
Key Words: CHEETAH code, chemical kinetics, diamond anvil cell, equation of state, extreme chemistry, gas gun, high explosives (HE), planetary physics, shock physics, thermochemical code.
June 2004
Featured Articles
Strategic Supercomputing Comes of Age
Randy Christensen
Key Words: Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI), Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program, ASC Purple, ASC White, BlueGene/L, descriptive models, Life Extension Program, materials modeling, predictive models, quantification of margins and uncertainties (QMU), Stockpile Stewardship Program (SSP), Verification and Validation (V & V) Program, weapons certification.
Research Highlights
A Bang-Up Job: Keeping Things Clean at the Contained Firing Facility
Gordon Krauter
Key Words: beryllium, Chronic Beryllium Disease Prevention Program (CBDPP), Contained Firing Facility (CFF), Site 300.
Seeing the Universe in a Grain of Dust
John Bradley
Key Words: Comet Wild 2, focused-ion-beam microscopy, interplanetary dust particles, nano secondary-ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS), Stardust, SuperSTEM (scanning transmission electron microscope).
May 2004
Featured Articles
Scrubbing Cargo Containers to Remove a Terrorist Threat
Dennis Slaughter
Key Words: cargo containers, gamma rays, highly enriched uranium (HEU), homeland security, liquid scintillator, nuclear materials, neutron generator, plutonium, terrorism, weapons of mass destruction.
Research Highlights
Algorithm Improvements Speed It Up for Codes
Eugene Brooks and Jeff Grossman
Key Words: algorithm, difference formulation, implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) method, Monte Carlo, nanoscience, quantum dots, Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method, thermal radiation transport, Wannier basis.
The Siren Call of the Seas: Sequestering Carbon Dioxide
Ken Calderia
Key Words: carbonate dissolution, carbon dioxide sequestration, Center for Research on Ocean Carbon Sequestration, fossil fuels, iron fertilization, ocean general-circulation model, ocean sequestration.
April 2004
Featured Articles
Defending against Corrosion
Dan McCright
Key Words: Alloy 22, engineered barrier system, laser peening, Long-Term Corrosion Test Facility (LTCTF), Nevada Test Site, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, nuclear waste repository, Yucca Mountain.
Research Highlights
Engine Shows Diesel Efficiency without the Emissions
Salvador Aceves
Key Words: combustion; homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine; hydrodynamics, chemistry, and transport (HCT) code; KIVA code.
January/February 2004
Featured Articles
Small Particle May Answer Large Physics Questions
Leslie Rosenberg
Key Words: axion, charge-parity (CP) violation, dark matter, heterostructure field-effect transistor (HFET), microwave photons, particle physics, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID).
A First Look at Plutonium’s Phonons
Joe Wong
Key Words: actinides, dynamical mean field theory, gallium, phonon dispersion curve (PDC), plutonium.
Research Highlights
A Walk on the Wild Side
Thom Kato
Key Words: birds, Blepharizonia plumosa (big tarplant), endangered species, plants, threatened species, wildlife.
March 2004
Featured Articles
Rich Legacy from Atoms for Peace
Eileen Vergino
Key Words: Adaptable Radiation Area Monitor (ARAM), Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASCI) Program, Atoms for Peace, biodosimetry, Center for Global Security Research (CGSR), Joint Verification Experiment (JVE), National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC), Project Plowshare, proton therapy, Radiation Detection Center, Radiation Measurement Facility (RMF).
Tropopause Height Becomes Another Climate-Change “Fingerprint”
Benjamin Santer
Key Words: Department of Energy’s Parallel Climate Model (PCM), global warming, National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), stratosphere, tropopause, troposphere.
Research Highlights
A Better Method for Certifying the Nuclear Stockpile
Charles Verdon
Key Words: quantification of margins and uncertainties (QMU), Stockpile Stewardship Program.
Observing How Proteins Loop the Loop
Olgica Bakajin
Key Words: amino acids, fluorescence detection, microfluidics, protein folding kinetics.
January/February 2004
Featured Articles
Small Particle May Answer Large Physics Questions
Leslie Rosenberg
Key Words: axion, charge-parity (CP) violation, dark matter, heterostructure field-effect transistor (HFET), microwave photons, particle physics, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID).
Research Highlights
A First Look at Plutonium’s Phonons
Joe Wong
Key Words: actinides, dynamical mean field theory, gallium, phonon dispersion curve (PDC), plutonium.
A Walk on the Wild Side
Thom Kato
Key Words: birds, Blepharizonia plumosa (big tarplant), endangered species, plants, threatened species, wildlife.
Smart Buoys Help Protect Submarine Base
John Valentine
Key Words: Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA); homeland security; radiation detector; U.S. Navy submarine base at Kings Bay, Georgia.
December 2003
Featured Articles
An Extraordinarily Bright Idea
Richard Bionta and Henry Chapman
Key Words: free-electron laser; Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS); linear accelerator (linac); protein structure; Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC); x-ray laser; warm, condensed matter.
Using Proton Beams to Create and Probe Plasmas
Pravesh Patel
Key Words: Janus ultrashort-pulse (JanUSP) laser, National Ignition Facility (NIF), Petawatt laser, plasma, protons.
Research Highlights
Multigrid Solvers Do the Math Faster, More Efficiently
Rob Falgout
Key Words: Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program; algebraic multigrid; ASCI supercomputers; geometric multigrid; hypre; Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; linear equations; Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Program; scalable linear solvers; simulation codes; Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDac) Program.
Predicting Stability for the High-Energy Buckyball
Riad Manaa
Key Words: Advanced Simulation and Computing Program, ASCI Blue, buckyball, carbon, fullerenes, nitrogen.
November 2003
Featured Articles
When Semiconductors Go Nano
Tony van Buuren and Giulia Galli
Key Words: biodetector, buckyball, germanium, nanocluster, nanocrystal, nanodiamond, nanoparticle, nanoscale, nanoscience, nanotechnology, quantum dot, quantum molecular simulations, semiconductor, silicon.
Research Highlights
Retinal Prosthesis Provides Hope for Restoring Sight
Courtney Davidson
Key Words: epiretinal, microarray, microfabrication, photoreceptor, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), retinal prosthesis.
Maglev on the Development Track for Urban Transportation
Dick Post
Key Words: Halbach array, high-speed train, Inductrack, magnetic levitation (maglev), permanent magnets, urban transportation.
Power Plant on a Chip Moves Closer to Reality
Ravi Upadhye
Key Words: Center for Microtechnology Engineering, fuel reactor, fuel reforming, hydrogen, methanol, micro fuel cell, micro fuel processor, microscale power source, proton-exchange membrane (PEM).
October 2003
2003 R&D 100 Awards
BASIS Counters Airborne Bioterrorism
Dennis Imbro
Key Words: BASIS (Biological Aerosol Sentry and Information System), BioWatch, bioterrorism, homeland security, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), R&D 100 Award.
In the Chips for the Coming Decade
Regina Soufli
Key Words: Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA), extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) full-field step-and-scan system, EUV LLC, R&D 100 Award, semiconductor computer chips.
Smoothing the Way to Print the Next Generation of Computer Chips
Paul Mirkarimi
Key Words: extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL), ion-beam thin-film planarization, R&D 100 Award, reticle.
Eyes Can See Clearly Now
Scot Olivier
Key Words: eyesight correction, microelectromechanical systems– (MEMS-) based adaptive optics phoropter (MAOP), R&D 100 Award, retinal disease.
This Switch Takes the Heat
Chris Ebbers
Key Words: high-average-power lasers, laser peening, Mercury laser, R&D 100 Award, thermally compensated Q-switch.
Laser Process Forms Thick, Curved Metal Parts
Lloyd Hackel
Key Words: aircraft industry, LasershotSM Precision Metal Forming, nuclear waste canisters, R&D 100 Award, shot peening.
Featured Article
Characterizing Tiny Objects without Damaging Them
Harry Martz, Jr.
Key Words: acoustics, aerogel, amplitude contrast, as-built modeling, finite-element model, high-energy-density physics (HEDP) laser targets, inertial confinement fusion, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), mesoscale, National Ignition Facility (NIF), nondestructive characterization (NDC), phase contrast, proton radiography, Wolter optics, x-ray imaging, x-ray microscopy.
September 2003
Featured Articles
The National Ignition Facility Comes to Life
Ed Moses
Key Words: control system, inertial confinement fusion, KDP (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) crystals, line replaceable units (LRUs), National Ignition Facility (NIF), neodymium-doped phosphate laser glass, plasma electrode Pockels cell (PEPC), Stockpile Stewardship Program, systems engineering.
Tracking the Activity of Bacteria Underground
Harry Beller and Staci Kane
Key Words: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX); biodegradation; groundwater; hydrocarbons; intrinsic bioremediation; leaking underground fuel tank (LUFT); liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS); natural attenuation; polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Research Highlights
When Every Second Counts—Pathogen Identification in Less Than a Minute
Eric Gard
Key Words: anthrax, bioaerosol mass spectrometry (BAMS), bioterrorism, airborne pathogens.
July/August 2003
Featured Articles
An Inside Attack on Cancer
Christine Hartmann-Siantar
Key Words: gamma-ray detection, Modality-Inclusive Environment for Radiotherapeutic Variable Analysis (MINERVA), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, PEREGRINE, radiation treatment, radiopharmaceuticals, secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), synthetic high-affinity ligand (SHAL).
Cells Respond Uniquely to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation
Andrew Wyrobek
Key Words: DNA, human lymphoblastoid cells, ionizing radiation, Low-Dose Radiation Research Program, messenger RNA (mRNA), nanoscale dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometer (NanoSIMS), radiation-induced early-onset and sensitive genes (REOS).
Research Highlights
A New Generation of Munitions
Michael Murphy
Key Words: ALE3D, CALE, carbon composite, CHEETAH, collateral damage, DYNA2D, HMX, munitions, TATB.
Whatever the Waste, New Facility Takes It On
Stephanie Goodwin
Key Words: Decontamination and Waste Treatment Facility (DWTF); depleted uranium; hazardous, radioactive, and mixed waste; In Situ Stabilization and Filter Encapsulation (IS*SAFE).
June 2003
Featured Articles
Riding the Waves of Supercomputing Technology
Michael McCoy
Key Words: Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program, ASCI Purple, ASCI supercomputers, BlueGene/L, computation strategy, E3D, laser-plasma interactions, Linux clusters, Multiprogrammatic Capability Resource (MCR), National Ignition Facility Early Light (NEL), PF3D code, seismic wave analysis.
Chromosome 19 and Lawrence Livermore Form a Long-Lasting Bond
Lisa Stubbs
Key Words: chromosome 19, comparative genomics, DNA, gene mapping, gene sequencing, Human Genome Project, Joint Genome Institute (JGI), pufferfish, regulatory genomics, sea squirt.
Research Highlights
A New Way to Measure the Mass of Stars
Kem Cook
Key Words: gravitational microlensing, massively compact halo objects (MACHOs).
Flexibly Fueled Storage Tank Brings Hydrogen-Powered Cars Closer to Reality
Salavador Aceves
Key Words: compressed hydrogen, cryogenic compressed hydrogen, hydrogen fuel, liquid hydrogen.
May 2003
Featured Articles
Chemical Weapons Cant Evade This Lab
Armando Alcaraz
Key Words: chemical weapons, Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), Forensic Science Center (FSC), Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).
Birds-Eye View Clarifies Research on the Ground
Bill Pickles
Key Words: carbon sequestration, Elkhorn Slough, energy infrastructure, geobotanical remote sensing, geothermal energy, homeland security, Mammoth Mountain, Nonproliferation Experiment.
Research Highlights
Age Does Make a Difference
Jean Moran
Key Words: age-dating, groundwater contamination, stable oxygen isotopes, tritiumhelium-3 analysis.
Reducing Aerodynamic Drag
Rose McCallen
Key Words: aerodynamics, computational fluid dynamics, heavy trucks, large-eddy simulations (LES), Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) models.
April 2003
Featured Articles
Finding the Missing Piece in the Climate Change Puzzle
Catherine Chuang
Key Words: aerosols, biomass, black carbon, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), Community Climate Model (CCM), dimethylsulfide, global warming, GRANTOUR, IMPACT, National Center for Atmospheric Research, soot, sulfate.
An Elusive TransformationThe Mystery of Oscillating Neutrinos
Peter Barnes
Key Words: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), high-energy physics, Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search (MINOS), Main Injector Particle Production (MIPP), neutrino oscillation, particle physics, proton radiography.
Research Highlights
Toward a Common Data Model for Supercomputing
Linnea Cook
Key Words: Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASCI), Hierarchical Data Format 5 (HDF5), input/output (I/O) libraries, R&D 100 Award, supercomputing.
Into the VortexNew Insights into the Behavior of Dynamic Fluids
Paul Miller
Key Words: centrifugal baroclinic torque, fluid dynamics, RichtmyerMeshkov instability, secondary instability.
March 2003
Featured Articles
A New Code Simulates the Cosmos
Peter Anninos
Key Words: astrophysics, black hole accretion, COSMOS code, dwarf galaxies, early cosmology, radio jetcloud interactions, star formation.
A Giant Leap for Space Telescopes
Rod Hyde
Key Words: diffractive telescope, Eyeglass, Eyepiece, Fresnel lens, Hubble Space Telescope, Magnifying Glass, National Ignition Facility, photolithography.
Research Highlights
Checking Out the Hot Spots
Jack Reaugh
Key Words: ALE3D, Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASCI) Program, chemical kinetics, high explosives, high-pressure activities, hot spots, HMX, hydrodynamics codes, TeraCluster2000 (TC2K), voids.
January/February 2003
Featured Articles
A Question of Quarks
Ron Soltz
Key Words: Brookhaven National Laboratory, particle physics, PHENIX detector, quarkgluon plasma, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC).
Island Paradise Regained
Terry Hamilton
Key Words: accelerator mass spectrometry, Bravo test, cesium-137, Center for Mass Spectrometry (CAMS), dose assessment, Enewetak, Marshall Islands resettlement, Nuclear Test Program, plutonium, Rongelap, whole body counting.
Research Highlight
Understanding Cells in a New Way with Three-Dimensional Models
Andrew Quong
Key Words: Advanced Scientific Computing Initiative, ALE3D, biosecurity, calcium ion waves, confocal microscope, cystic fibrosis, Genomes to Life Program, homeland security, Human Genome Project, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), systems biology.
Research Highlights
Machines from Interlocking Molecules
Andrew Vance
Key Words: catananes, molecular machines, rotaxanes, surface-attached mechanically interlocking molecules, Stanford Linear Accelerator (SLAC), x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS).
Laser Zaps Communication Bottleneck
Tony Ruggiero
Key Words: Department of Defense, laser communications, Secure AirOptic Transport and Routing Network (SATRN).
November 2002
Featured Articles
This Model Can Take the Heat
Mike Bradley
Key Words: COAMPS (Coupled OceanAtmosphere Mesoscale Prediction system), FIRETEC, geographical information sciences (GIS), High-Resolution Model for Strong Gradient Applications (HIGRAD), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), TeraCluster2000 supercomputer, wildfires.
The Best and the Brightest Come to Livermore
Harry Radousky
Key Words: Lawrence fellows, Lawrence Fellowship Program, postdoctoral positions.
Research Highlights
A View to a Kill
Alex Pertica
Key Words: ballistic missile interceptor, High Altitude Observatory (HALO), high-speed camera, Remote Optical Characterization Sensor Suite (ROCSS), infrared spectrometry.
50th Anniversary Highlight
biological Research Evolves at Livermore
Cindy Thomas
Key Words: biological warfare agent detectors, Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS), chromosome painting, comparative genomics, computational biology, DNA repair, dosimetry, flow cytometry, food mutagens, glycophorin-A assay, Human Genome Project, Joint Genome Institute (JGI), proteomics, PEREGRINE, sperm mutations.
October 2002
R&D 100 Awards Highlights
Sending Up Signals for Genetic Variation
Allen Christian
Key Words: In Situ Rolling Circle Amplification, R&D 100 Award.
SiMM Is Anything But Simple
Ray Beach
Key Words: silicon monolithic microchannel (SiMM) laser diode array, solid-state laser diodes.
World's Most Powerful Solid-State Laser
Brent Dane
Key Words: neodymium-doped glass (Nd:glass), R&D 100 Award, solid-state heat-capacity laser (SSHCL), tactical laser weapon, U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command (USASMD).
Stepping Up to Extreme Lithography
Regina Soufli
Key Words: extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL), magnetron sputtering deposition, production-scale thin-film coating tool, R&D 100 Award, semiconductor computer chips.
Relief for Acute and Chronic Pain
John Marion
Key Words: electronic adhesive bandage, medical device, pain management, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS).
50th Anniversary Highlight
Energy and Environment: Understanding Our World
Norm Burkhard
Key Words: atmospheric transport and dispersion, coal gasification, fossil fuel, fuel cells, global climate modeling, groundwater contamination, inertial confinement fusion, magnetic fusion, Marshall Islands, nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear waste repository, Project Plowshare, rock mechanics, Yucca Mountain.
September 2002
Featured Articles
A Hitchikers Guide to Early Earth
Jennifer Blank
Key Words: amino acids, astrobiology, liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy, origins of life, shock physics, solid-phase microextraction.
A New World of Maps
Charles H. Hall
Key Words: BIOBASE, BIOURBAN, Elkhorn Slough, geobotanical remote sensing, geographic information sciences (GIS), Mammoth Mountain, national Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC), Nuclear Test Site, Salton Sea, Site 300, Tallgrass Prairie Preserve.
Research Highlights
Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells Stack Up to Efficient, Clean Power
Quoc Pham
Key Words: colloidal spray deposition, energy conversion, fuel cell, fuel cell stack, high power density, multiplayer fuel cell, power generation, solid oxide, Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA), thin film deposition.
50th Anniversary Highlight
Empowering LightHistoric Accomplishments in Laser Research
Lamar Coleman
Key Words: 4 pi laser, atomic vapor laser isotope separation (AVLIS), Beamlet, Cyclops, Continuous Laser Glass Melting Process, direct-drive target, extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL), hohlraum, indirect-drive target, inertial confinement fusion (ICF), Janus, laser guide star, laser peening, LASNEX code, Long path, National Ignition Facility (NIF), neodymium-doped glass (Nd:glass), Nova, Novette, Petawatt, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals, Shiva, solid-state heat-capacity laser, spatial filters, x-ray laser.
July/August 2002
Featured Articles
The Outlook Is for Warming, with Measurable Local Effects
Philip Duffy, Benjamin Santer
Key Words: Climate modeling, Community Climate Model 3 (CCM3), global warming.
How Metals Fail
Richard Becker
Key Words:3D x-ray tomography, Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASCI), FabryPerot interferometry, gas gun, high explosives, High Explosives Applications Facility, Janus laser, Office of Munitions of the Department of Defense, Omega laser, proton radiography, Site 300, spall, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, stockpile stewardship.
Research Highlights
Converting Data to Decisions
Roger Aines
Key Words: tochastic engine, Bayesian statistics, Monte Carlo method, electrical resistance tomography, Visalia, Savannah River site, Superfund.
50th Anniversary Highlight
Knowing the Enemy, Anticipating the Threat
Lauren de Vore
Key Words: biological and chemical weapons, conflict simulation, biodetection, Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, forensic analysis, nonproliferation, treaty verification, seismic monitoring, weapons of mass destruction (WMD).
June 2002
Featured Articles
A Two-Pronged Attack on Bioterrorism
Rod Balhorn
Key Words: antibodies, bioterrorism, botulinum toxin, cancer treatment, Clostridium neurotoxins, high-affinity ligands, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, protein structure, synthetic chemistry, tetanus.
Adaptive Optics Sharpen the View from Earth
Deanna Pennington
Key Words:active galactic nuclei, adaptive optics, atomic vapor laser isotope separation, binary star, black hole, California Extremely Large Telescope (CELT), deformable mirror, dye laser, Hubble Space Telescope, laser guide star, Lick Observatory, W. M. Keck Observatory.
Research Highlights
Experiments Re-create X Rays from Comets
Peter Beiersdorfer
Key Words: charge exchange, comets, electron beam ion trap (EBIT), microcalorimeter, solar wind, x rays x-ray spectrometer (CRS).
50th Anniversary Highlight
Chemistry50 Years of Exploring the Material World
Trish Baisden, Chris Gatrousis
Key Words: actinides, aerogels, atmospheric tests, chemistry, computer simulation, crystal growth, high explosives, isotopes, materials aging, material science, metallurgy, multilayers, multiscale modeling, plutonium, polymers, radiochemistry, radiochemical sampling, welding.
May 2002
Featured Articles
Building a Virtual Telescope
David Dearborn
Key Words: Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASCI), ASCI Frost, ASCI White, binary stars, brown dwarfs, Cepheids, convective core, Djehuty, helium flash, Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, Californias Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Mesh TV, stellar evolution, supernovas, TeraCluster2000 (TC2K), white dwarfs.
A New Understanding of Soft Materials
Mehdi Balooch
Key Words: atomic force microscope (AFM), dentin, mechanical properties, nanoindenter, plaque, seismic response, vascular disease.
50th Anniversary Highlight
At Livermore, Audacious Physics Has Thrived for 50 Years
Karl Van Bibber, Ralph Jacobs
Key Words: astrophysics, dark matter, fusion energy, nuclear cross section, opacity, quantum mechanics, sensors, stockpile stewardship, tabletop laser, thermonuclear processes, weapons research, x-ray laser.
April 2002
Featured Articles
Quantum Simulations Tell the Atomic-Level Story
Guilia Galli
Key Words: hydrogen, JEEP, nanostructures, quantum dots, quantum molecular dynamics, quantum Monte Carlo calculations, quantum simulations, water.
Forensic Science Center Maximizes the Tiniest Clue
Brian Andresen
Key Words: anthrax, Chemical and Biological National Security Program, Forensic Science Center (FSC), gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), laser-ablation mass spectroscopy, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), stockpile stewardship, thin-layer chromatography (TLC).
Research Highlights
Bright Future for Compact Tactical Laser Weapons
C. Brent Dane
Key Words: laser diode array, neodymium-doped glass (Nd:glass), neodymium-doped gadolinium-gallium-garnet (Nd:GGG), solid-state heat-capacity laser (SSHCL), tactical laser weapon, U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC).
50th Anniversary Highlight
Engineering's Traditions Turns Ideas into Reality
Monya Lane
Key Words: computational engineering, DYNA, DYNA3D, EIGER, Engineering Directorate, Flash X-Ray (FXR) Facility , Large Optics Diamond Turning Machine (LODTM), Laser program, magnetic fusion energy (MFE), microfluidic devices, microtechnology, nanotechnology, National Ignition Facility (NIF), nondestructive evaluation (NDE), nuclear weapons development, ParaDyn, precision engineering, stockpile stewardship, Nuclear Test program.
March 2002
Featured Articles
Tracking Sown Virulence in Plague
Pat Fitch
Key Words: bioterrorism agents, Chemical and Biological National Security Program, plague, SELDI-MS, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), virulence, Yersinia pestis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.
L-Gel Decontaminates Better Than Bleach
Ellen Raber
Key Words: anthrax, biological warfare, Chemical and Biological Agent Decision Process, chemical warfare, decontamination, L-Gel, peroxymonosulfate.
Research Highlights
Faster Inspection of Laser Glass Coatings
Diane Chinn
Key Words: laser glass, multilayer hafnia-silica coatings, National Ignition Facility (NIF), photothermal microscopy.
50th Anniversary Highlight
From Kilobytes to Petabytes in 50 Years
Bing Young
Key Words: Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASCI), ASCI BlueGene/L, ASCI Purple, ASCI White, computation history, Cray, IBM, Livermore Advanced Research Computer (LARC), supercomputer, Univac.
January/February 2002
50th Anniversary Highlight
Fifty Years of Innovation through Nuclear Weapon Design
Paul Chrzanowski, Bill Locke
Key Words: 50th anniversary, nuclear weapon design, nuclear stockpile. Polaris missile, Project Plowshare, Test Program.
Featured Articles
Simulating Turbulence in Magnetic Fusion Plasmas
Bill Nevins
Key Words: fusion, macroturbulence, magnetic fusion, Microturbulence, National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), plasma, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC), tokamak, turbulence.
Present at the Creation
Ken Moody, John Wild
Key Words: element 114, element 116, heavy elements, island of stability, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia.
Research Highlight
Rapid Field Detection of Biological Agents
Rich Langlois
Key Words: anthrax, Autonomous Pathogen Detection System (APDS), biodetectors, biological warfare agents, bioterrorism, DNA analysis, flow cytometry, Handheld Advanced Nucleic Acid Analyzer (HANAA), pathogens, polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Technology to Help Diabetics
Steve Lane
Key Words: diabetes, glucose sensor.
December 2001
Featured Articles
Simulation-Aided Design of Microfluidic Devices
David Clague
Key Words: BioFluidic Chips (BioFlips), Center for Microtechnology, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Dielectrophoresis (DEP), lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE), microfluidic devices, Reynolds number, Simulation of Biomolecular Microsystems (Simbiosys).
Small Science Gets to the Heart of Matter
Christine Orme
Key Words: atomic force microscope, biological sensors, biomineralization, carbon nanotubes, chemical sensors, confocal microscope, genomics, nanolaminates, proteomics, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
Research Highlights
When Lethal Agents Rain from the Sky
Glen Nakafuji
Key Words: ALE3D, ALPHA, biological agent, chemical agent, lethality, liquid breakup, nerve agent, rarefied atmosphere.
Technology to Help Diabetics
Steve Lane
Key Words: diabetes, glucose sensor.
November 2001
Featured Articles
Welding Science: A New Look at a Fundamental Technology
John Elmer, Joe Wong
Key Words: fusion welding, phase transformation, solidification kinetics, spatially resolved x-ray diffraction (SRXRD), stainless steel, synchrotron radiation, time-resolved x-ray diffraction (TRXRD), titanium, x-ray diffraction.
Probing the Subsurface with Electromagnetic Fields
Barry Kirkendall, Jeff Roberts
Key Words: carbon sequestration, crosswell electromagnetic (EM) imaging, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), oil production.
Research Highlights
Probing the Liquid Water Surface
James Tobin
Key Words: Advanced Light Source (ALS), extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), hydrogen bonds, liquid surface chemistry, microjet, molecular structure, near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), water, x-ray spectroscopy.
New Targets for Inertial Fusion
Max Tabak
Key Words: fast ignition, heavy-ion fusion, hohlraum, inertial fusion energy, laser fusion, Omega laser, petawatt laser.
October 2001
Featured Article
Sharing the Power of Supercomputers
Mike McCoy
Key Words: Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI), ASCI Blue Pacific, ASCI Frost, ASCI
White, atmospheric sciences, carbon sequestration, Compass Cluster, elastic simulations, E3D, Institutional Computing Executive Group,
JEEP, microfluidic devices, Multiprogrammatic and Institutional Computing Initiative, parallel computing, Scientific Computing
and Communications Department, Sunbert, supercomputers, TeraCluster, TeraCluster2000 (TC2K), Terascale Simulation Facility.
Research Highlights
Further Developments in Ultrashort-Pulse Lasers
Mark Hermann
Key Words: diffraction gratings, Falcon laser, femtosecond laser machining and cutting, high-average-power lasers, nanocrystals, optical-parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA), Petawatt, ultrashort-pulse lasers.
Simulating How the Wind Blows
Robert L. Lee
Key Words: Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI), atmospheric dispersion, biological and chemical agents, Chemical and Biological National Security Program, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), National Atmospheric Release and Advisory Capability (NARAC), urban dispersion modeling.
September 2001
R&D 100 Awards
Zeroing In on Genes
Allen Christian
Key Words: gene recovery microdissection, genomic research, R&D 100 Award.
Big Glass for a Big Laser
Jack Campbell
Key Words: continuous laser glass melting process, National Ignition Facility (NIF), neodymium-doped phosphate laser glass, platinum inclusions, R&D 100 Award.
Lasershot Makes Its Mark
Lloyd Hackel
Key Words: Lasershot Marking System, laser peening, R&D 100 Award, safety-critical metal parts and components. Feature Article
Tracking the Global Spread of Advanced Technologies
Eileen Vergino
Key Words:: asymmetry, biological warfare, Center for Global Security Research (CGSR), globalization, nonproliferation, nuclear weapons, terrorism.